Download PDF
CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · Indian J Radiol Imaging 2023; 33(03): 373-381
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1764404
Review Article

A Radiological Review of the Unusual Contents of Inguinal Region

Gunalan Ganesan 
1   Centre of Excellence in Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
,
Rajoo Ramachandran
1   Centre of Excellence in Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
,
Venkatesh Bala Raghu Raji
1   Centre of Excellence in Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
,
Subhashini Nandhakumar
1   Centre of Excellence in Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
,
Rajeswaran Rangasami
1   Centre of Excellence in Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
,
P.M. Venkata Sai 
1   Centre of Excellence in Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
› Author Affiliations Funding None.
› Further Information
   Permissions and Reprints

Abstract

Background The inguinal region is an area of complex anatomy that could contain diverse uncommon contents in routine clinical practice. Although inguinal hernia repair is one of the commonest surgeries done routinely, thorough preoperative imaging has a significant impact on the outcome of the surgery, by revealing the presence of unusual contents in the inguinal region.

Aim The aim of this article is to review the differential diagnosis of the uncommon inguinal pathologies, which can simulate an inguinal hernia, to determine, and to simplify the treatment approach.

Conclusions A profound understanding of the imaging characteristics of uncommon inguinal pathologies is crucial for both the radiologists (to prevent misdiagnosis) and the treating physicians (to avoid surgical complications) and ensure optimal management.

Keywords

inguinal hernia - Amyand hernia - ureteral hernia - undescended testis - inguinal canal

Availability of Data and Material

The data are taken solely from our institution.


Author Contributions

G.G. did the major write up of this review article. Majority of the cases in this review article were diagnosed and followed up by R.R. and V.B.R.R. The work was carried under the guidance R.R. and provided us the insight and knowledge to diagnose indeterminate lesions with imaging alone. All the authors read the rough draft and provided valuable suggestions for the final draft. V.B.R.R. reviewed this article for corrections and final draft.




Publication History

Article published online:
20 March 2023

© 2023. Indian Radiological Association. This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commercial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Pvt. Ltd.
A-12, 2nd Floor, Sector 2, Noida-201301 UP, India

 

  • References

  • 1 Machado NO, Machado NN. Unusual contents of inguinal hernia sac. an approach to management. Surg Sci 2011; 2 (06) 322-325
    CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • 2 Revzin MV, Ersahin D, Israel GM. et al. US of the inguinal canal: comprehensive review of pathologic processes with CT and MR imaging correlation. Radiographics 2016; 36 (07) 2028-2048
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 3 Jenkins JT, O'Dwyer PJ. Inguinal hernias. BMJ 2008; 336 (7638): 269-272
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 4 Jamadar DA, Jacobson JA, Morag Y. et al. Sonography of inguinal region hernias. Am J Roentgenol 2006; 187 (01) 185-190
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 5 Levine B. Scrotal cystocele. J Am Med Assoc 1951; 147 (15) 1439-1441
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 6 Becker JA. A hernia of the urinary bladder. Radiology 1965; 84 (02) 270-273
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 7 Bacigalupo LE, Bertolotto M, Barbiera F. et al. Imaging of urinary bladder hernias. Am J Roentgenol 2005; 184 (02) 546-551
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 8 Giuly J, François GF, Giuly D, Leroux C, Nguyen-Cat RR. Intrascrotal hernia of the ureter and fatty hernia. Hernia 2003; 7 (01) 47-49
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 9 Yahya Z, Al-Habbal Y, Hassen S. Ureteral inguinal hernia: an uncommon trap for general surgeons. BMJ Case Rep 2017; 2017: 2017
    Google Scholar
  • 10 Muthiyal S, Kini V, Kounsal A, Ibrahim AA. Rarity in conspicuity-Ultrasound diagnosis of sliding left inguinal hernia through canal of Nuck with uterus, fallopian tubes and ovaries. Eur J Radiol Open 2016; 3: 35-37
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 11 Bronsther B, Abrams MW, Elboim C. Inguinal hernias in children–a study of 1,000 cases and a review of the literature. J Am Med Womens Assoc 1972; 27 (10) 522-525
    Google Scholar
  • 12 Agrawal S. Testicular descend, how and why: a review article. Int J Med Rev Case Rep. 2017; 1 (02) 23-27
    CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • 13 Kurz D. Current management of undescended testes. Curr Treat Options Pediatr 2016; 2 (01) 43-51
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 14 Izzidien A. The incidence of inguinal hernia associated with undescended testis. PediatrSurg Update Rev Artic 2009; 32: 212
    Google Scholar
  • 15 Gureş N, Karahalli O, Kucuk O. Mesenteric side perforation of strangulated sigmoid colon within a left inguinal hernia: an uncommon case. Arch Clin Med Case Rep 2018; 2: 216-220
    CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • 16 Ivanschuk G, Cesmebasi A, Sorenson EP, Blaak C, Loukas M, Tubbs SR. Amyand's hernia: a review. Med Sci Monit 2014; 20: 140-146
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 17 Akbar SAM, Tunio MA, AlShakweer W, AlObaid A, AlAsiri M. Inguinal lymph node presenting as the delayed site of metastasis in early stage endometrial carcinoma: case report. Int J Surg Case Rep 2017; 32: 12-15
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 18 Simons GW, Sty JR, Starshak RJ. Retroperitoneal and retrofascial abscesses. A review. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1983; 65 (08) 1041-1058
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 19 Ushiyama T, Nakajima R, Maeda T, Kawasaki T, Matsusue Y. Perforated appendicitis causing thigh emphysema: a case report. J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong) 2005; 13 (01) 93-95
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar