Viktimisierung im Erwachsenenalter von Personen mit Psychiatrieerfahrung

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund Eine psychische Erkrankung erhöht das Risiko einer Viktimisierung im Erwachsenenalter. Das Thema wird in der psychiatrischen Versorgung und Forschung in Deutschland allerdings kaum thematisiert bzw. untersucht.

Methode Systematische Literaturübersicht zu Prävalenzen von Viktimisierung im Erwachsenenalter. Vorstellung und Einordnung von Risikofaktoren in theoretische Konzepte sowie von Befunden zu Offenlegung.

Ergebnisse Internationale Befunde belegen übereinstimmend ein hohes Viktimisierungsrisiko im Vergleich zur Allgemeinbevölkerung. Zentrale Risikofaktoren sind Psychopathologie, Alkohol- bzw. Substanzkonsum, eigene Gewalttätigkeit, frühere Gewalterfahrungen und soziale Faktoren. Gewalterfahrungen werden unzureichend offengelegt.

Diskussion Präventive und interventive Maßnahmen müssen auf individueller, versorgungsbezogener und gesellschaftlicher Ebene ansetzen. Forschungsbedarf besteht hinsichtlich repräsentativer Prävalenzdaten für Deutschland, der Offenlegung und des professionellen Umgangs mit Gewalterfahrungen, hinsichtlich situativer und interaktiver Gewaltdynamik sowie der Bedeutung soziokultureller Gewaltnormen.

Abstract

Background Although adult victimization among psychiatric patients is frequent, the subject is neglected within the mental health service literature in Germany.

Methods Systematic review on adult victimization prevalences, introduction of risk factors and discussion against theoretical concepts and findings on disclosure of victimization.

Results International studies consistently indicate high adult victimization risks compared to general population. Risk factors include psychopathology, substance abuse, (former) experiences of violence, and a lack of social integration. Disclosure of victimization is hindered by several barriers.

Conclusions Preventive and interventive measures should be provided at individual, service, and societal level. More research is needed regarding prevalences for German user populations, disclosure within (mental) health services, and situational, interactive and sociocultural factors of victimization.

Schlüsselwörter

Viktimisierung psychisch Kranker - Prävalenzen - Risikofaktoren - Offenlegung von Gewalterfahrungen

Keywords

victimization and severe mental illness - prevalence of victimization - risk factors for victimization - disclosure of victimization

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