Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2018; 126(04): 255-262
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-115009
Article
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Transketolase Activity but not Thiamine Membrane Transport Change in Response to Hyperglycaemia and Kidney Dysfunction

Katarína Chalásová
1   Department of Pathophysiology, Masaryk University, Brno
,
Lukáš Pácal
1   Department of Pathophysiology, Masaryk University, Brno
,
Anna Pleskačová
1   Department of Pathophysiology, Masaryk University, Brno
2   Department of Biochemistry, Masaryk University, Brno
,
Lucia Knopfová
3   Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno
4   International Clinical Research Center, Center for Biological and Cellular Engineering, St. Anne's University Hospital
,
Jitka Řehořová
5   Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
,
Marie Tomandlová
2   Department of Biochemistry, Masaryk University, Brno
,
Josef Tomandl
1   Department of Pathophysiology, Masaryk University, Brno
2   Department of Biochemistry, Masaryk University, Brno
,
Kateřina Kaňková
1   Department of Pathophysiology, Masaryk University, Brno
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

received 21 March 2017
revised 16 June 2017

accepted 27 June 2017

Publication Date:
26 September 2017 (online)

Abstract

Aim Pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) with key enzyme transketolase (TKT), represents a potentially ‘protective’ mechanism in hyperglycaemia. Diabetic kidney disease (DKD), a common complication of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes associated with significant morbidity and mortality, represents the most common cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD). We hypothesized that protective PPP action in diabetes and eventually even more severely in concomitant DKD might be compromised by limited intracellular availability of an active TKT cofactor thiamine diphosphate (TDP).

Methods Effect of hyperglycaemia on gene expression and protein levels of key PPP loci was studied in vitro using human cell lines relevant to diabetes (HUVEC and HRGEC) and (together with measurement of TKT activity, plasma thiamine and erythrocyte TDP concentration) in vivo in diabetic vs. non-diabetic subjects with comparable renal function (n=83 in total).

Results Hyperglycaemia significantly decreased protein levels of RFC-1, THTR1, THTR2 and TKT (P<0.05) in vitro. Analysis of blood samples from CKD patients with and without diabetes and from controls did not reveal any difference in gene expression and protein levels of thiamine transporters while TKT activity and TDP in erythrocytes gradually increased with decreasing kidney function being highest in patients with CKD3-4 of both diabetic and non-diabetic aetiology. Hyperglycaemia and uremic serum mimicking CKD in diabetes did not affect TKT activity in vitro (P<0.05).

Conclusion Both in vitro and human experiments showed decrease or unchanged expression, respectively, of thiamine transporters induced by hyperglycaemia while TKT activity in parallel with intracellular TDP was increased in CKD patients with or without diabetes. Therefore, lack of adaptive increase of thiamine transmembrane transport allowing further increase of TKT activity might contribute to compromised PPP function in diabetes and CKD and to the development of glycotoxic injury.

 
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