Zusammenfassung
Ziel Analyse der Entwicklung der psychiatrischen Einstellungsforschung in Deutschland.
Methode Historischer Überblick auf der Basis systematischer Reviews.
Ergebnisse Die Einstellung der Bevölkerung zu psychisch Kranken und zur Psychiatrie wurde ursprünglich
aus soziologischer Perspektive untersucht, später dominierte die sozialpsychologische
bzw. individualpsychologische Perspektive.
Schlussfolgerung Auch wenn dieser Ansatz wichtige Einblicke in die dem Stigma zugrunde liegenden Prozesse
erlaubte, erscheint es an der Zeit die individuelle Perspektive durch eine gesellschaftliche
zu ergänzen.
Abstract
Objective Analysis of the development of psychiatric attitude research in Germany over the
past 50 years.
Methods Historical overview based on systematic reviews of population-based studies.
Results In the beginning, public attitudes towards people with mental disorders and towards
psychiatry were studied from a sociological perspective, later on research was guided
by a social psychological or individual psychological approach. This provided important
insights into processes underlying the stigma of mental illness (e. g., role of labeling,
causal attributions, beliefs into a continuum between mental health and illness, prevalence
estimates etc.). Substantial contributions have also been made as regards the study
of time trends in public attitudes and beliefs about mental illness, the investigation
of the impact of the media on public attitudes, and the evaluation of the effectiveness
of anti-stigma and awareness programs.
Conclusion Despite these undisputable advancements it is about time to compliment the individual
by a societal perspective. This appears particularly necessary in view of current
trends in Germany towards sociopolitical radicalization.
Schlüsselwörter
Einstellung - psychisch Kranke - Forschung - Geschichte - Deutschland
Keywords
attitudes - mental illness - research - history - Germany