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Klin Padiatr 2017; 229(04): 234-240
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-102938
Originalarbeit
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Prävalenz und Risikofaktoren der Kurzsichtigkeit bei Kindern und Jugendlichen in Deutschland – Ergebnisse der KiGGS-Studie

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Myopia in Children and Adolescents in Germany – Results of the KiGGS Survey
Alexander K. Schuster
1   Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz
,
Heike M. Elflein
1   Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz
,
Roman Pokora
2   Division of Pediatric Epidemiology, Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz
,
Michael S. Urschitz
2   Division of Pediatric Epidemiology, Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz
› Author Affiliations
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Publication History

Publication Date:
17 July 2017 (online)

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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund Ziel dieser Studie ist die Bestimmung der Prävalenz von Kurzsichtigkeit (Myopie) bei Kindern und Jugendlichen in Deutschland und die Evaluation damit assoziierter Risikofaktoren.

Methodik Die Prävalenz von Myopie in Deutschland wurde durch die „Studie zur Gesundheit von Kindern und Jugendlichen in Deutschland“ (KiGGS Basiserhebung 2003–2006) erhoben (N=17,640, 49% Mädchen). Das Vorliegen einer Myopie und die Verwendung einer Sehhilfe wurden durch einen Elternfragebogen erfasst. Potentielle Risikofaktoren wurden mittels kausalem Diagramm identifiziert und mit multiplen logistischen Regressionsmodellen untersucht.

Ergebnisse Die Prävalenz von Myopie in Deutschland bei 3–17-jährigen Kindern lag bei 13,3% (95%-Konfidenzintervall 12,6–14,0%). In der Altersgruppe der 3–10 Jährigen fanden sich Zusammenhänge mit dem Alter (in 2-Jahresschritten: OR=1,78 [1,59; 2,00]) und Geschlecht (Jungen: OR=0,73 [0,57; 0,95]), aber nicht mit Freizeitverhalten oder Mediennutzung. In der Altersgruppe der 11–17 Jährigen war häufige Sportausübung (OR=0,67 [0,53; 0,84]) protektiv mit Myopie assoziiert, während der Besuch des Gymnasiums (OR=1,69 [1,32; 2,16]) mit einer Zunahme von Myopie verbunden war. Auch in dieser Gruppe war Mediennutzung nicht mit einer Myopie assoziiert.

Schlussfolgerung Kurzsichtigkeit ist in Deutschland eine der häufigsten chronischen Beeinträchtigungen im Kindes- und Jugendalter. Mädchen, Jugendliche und Gymnasiasten sind häufiger betroffen. Sportliche Aktivität könnte das Risiko für Kurzsichtigkeit reduzieren.

Abstract

Purpose To determine the population prevalence and risk factors of myopia in children and adolescents in Germany.

Methods The prevalence of myopia in Germany was computed using data from the 2003–2006 German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (N=17 640, 49% girls). Status of myopia was derived from parental questionnaire responses for myopia and the use of spectacles. Potential risk factors were identified using directed acyclic graphs and evaluated using multivariable logistic regression analysis.

Results The population prevalence of myopia in the age group 3–17 years was estimated at 13.3% (95%-confidential interval 12.6–14.0%). In the age group 3–10 years, myopia was positively associated with age (per 2 years: OR=1.78 [1.59; 2.00]) and negatively associated with male gender (OR=0.73 [0.57; 0.95]), but neither with leisure-time activities nor with media use. In the age group 11–17 years, attending a High School was positively associated with myopia (OR=1.69 [1.32; 2.16]), while regular physical activity (OR=0.67 [0.53; 0.84]) was negatively associated. Media use was not associated.

Conclusions In Germany, myopia is one of the most frequent chronic medical conditions among children and adolescents. Girls, adolescents, and pupils attending a Gymnasium are at higher risk of developing myopia while being physically active may be protective.

Schlüsselwörter

Epidemiologie - Myopie - Kurzsichtigkeit - Kinder - Mediennutzung

Key words

epidemiology - myopia - prevalence - children - media use
 

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