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Open Access
CC BY 4.0 · Journal of Health and Allied Sciences NU 2023; 13(03): 421-430
DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1757969
Original Article

Bilosomes as a Potential Carrier to Enhance Cognitive Effects of Bacopa monnieri Extract on Oral Administration

Autor*innen

  • V. Anoop Narayanan 

    1   Nitte (Deemed to be University), NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (NGSMIPS), Derlakatte, Mangalore, Karnataka, India

  • Ankitha Sharma

    1   Nitte (Deemed to be University), NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (NGSMIPS), Derlakatte, Mangalore, Karnataka, India

  • Rajesh K. S. 

    1   Nitte (Deemed to be University), NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (NGSMIPS), Derlakatte, Mangalore, Karnataka, India

  • Arunraj T. R. 

    1   Nitte (Deemed to be University), NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (NGSMIPS), Derlakatte, Mangalore, Karnataka, India

  • Gururaj M. P.

    1   Nitte (Deemed to be University), NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (NGSMIPS), Derlakatte, Mangalore, Karnataka, India

  • Parasuraman S. 

    2   Unit Head, Unit of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, AIMST University, Bedong, Malaysia

  • Anish John 

    1   Nitte (Deemed to be University), NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (NGSMIPS), Derlakatte, Mangalore, Karnataka, India

Funding/Acknowledgments The authors are grateful to the Management of Nitte (Deemed to be a University) for the laboratory facilities and support for conducting this study. We acknowledge the kind help offered by Dr. Unnikrishnan M K, Professor, NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, for the language corrections while writing the manuscript.
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Abstract

The Indian system of medicine, Ayurveda employs Bacopa monnieri extract (BME) for memory enhancement. This study attempts to prepare and test a more potent formulation by incorporating BME in nanovesicles. BME-loaded liposomes and bilosomes (bile salt-stabilized liposomes) were formulated using soy phosphatidylcholine. Liposomes and bilosomes had homogeneous size distribution and an average size of 285.7 nm and 84 nm, respectively, with satisfactory zeta potential. Spherical multilamellar bilosomes and unilamellar liposomes were observed under transmission electron microscope (TEM), with BME entrapment efficiency of 85% and 45%, respectively. During a 72 h interval, bilosomes and liposomes released 78% and 65% of the loaded BME, exhibiting a biphasic release, following the Higuchi model diffusion. Both liposomes and bilosomes were stable in simulated gastric and intestinal fluids. When tested on dementia-induced Swiss albino mouse models using the Y-maze apparatus, the bilosome-treated group showed significant cognition enhancement activity than those treated with liposomal vesicles. The better pharmacological effect shown by bilosomes may be attributed to better bioavailability, possibly augmented by higher entrapment efficiency, and improved vesicle integrity afforded by bile salts. Likewise, bilosomes were more stable than liposomes in simulated gastric and intestinal fluids. Taken together, innovative formulation techniques hold substantial promise for enhancing the ethnopharmacological claims of BME.

Keywords

brain delivery - Bacopa monnieri - liposome - bilosome - nootropic - cognitive enhancement


Publikationsverlauf

Artikel online veröffentlicht:
28. November 2022

© 2022. The Author(s). This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, permitting unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction so long as the original work is properly cited. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

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