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CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · J Lab Physicians 2023; 15(01): 110-116
DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1757234
Original Article

Comparative Analysis of Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay and Immunochromatography for Rotavirus and Adenovirus Detection in Children below Five Years with Acute Gastroenteritis

Smitha Bagali
1   Department of Microbiology, BLDE(DU)'s Shri B. M. Patil Medical College, Hospital & Research Centre, Vijayapura, Karnataka, India
,
Laxmi Kakhandaki
1   Department of Microbiology, BLDE(DU)'s Shri B. M. Patil Medical College, Hospital & Research Centre, Vijayapura, Karnataka, India
,
Rashmi Karigoudar 
1   Department of Microbiology, BLDE(DU)'s Shri B. M. Patil Medical College, Hospital & Research Centre, Vijayapura, Karnataka, India
,
Sanjay Wavare
1   Department of Microbiology, BLDE(DU)'s Shri B. M. Patil Medical College, Hospital & Research Centre, Vijayapura, Karnataka, India
,
Praveen R. Shahapur 
1   Department of Microbiology, BLDE(DU)'s Shri B. M. Patil Medical College, Hospital & Research Centre, Vijayapura, Karnataka, India
,
Mallanagouda M. Patil 
2   Department of Pediatrics, BLDE(DU)'s Shri B. M. Patil Medical College, Hospital & Research Centre, Vijayapura, Karnataka, India
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Abstract

Introduction The most frequent etiologies of viral gastroenteritis among young children are rotavirus and enteric adenovirus. The clinical signs and symptoms of viral gastroenteritis are not distinct enough to allow for diagnosis. For the diagnosis and treatment of acute gastroenteritis, it is preferable to use quick, simple, and low-cost procedures. This study was undertaken to determine efficacy of immune-chromatography test (ICT) in comparison with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect rotavirus and adenovirus antigen in fecal specimen among children less than 5 years of age with acute gastroenteritis.

Materials and Methods In a cross-sectional observational study, 314 fecal samples were collected from children aged less than 5 years with acute gastroenteritis attending or admitted to a tertiary care hospital during the 1 year study period. Samples were tested for rotavirus and adenovirus antigen using ICT and ELISA.

Results Among the 314 children evaluated, 112 (35.66%) had rotavirus infection, nine (2.86%) had adenovirus infection, and three (0.95%) had both rotavirus and adenovirus infection. This study found that ICT is 98.20% sensitive and 100% specific for the diagnosis of rotaviral diarrhea and 100% sensitive and 99.7% specific for adenovirus diarrhea, compared to ELISA.

Conclusion Immunochromatography tests used for the detection of rotavirus and adenovirus in the fecal sample showed a high degree of sensitivity and specificity. The ICT is easy to perform and rapid, and it does not require any special equipment. Hence, the ICT could be used as an alternative method for detecting viral pathogens in clinical practice.

Keywords

diarrhea - rotavirus - adenovirus - ELISA - ICT

Authors' Contributions

S.B. contributed to conceptualization, design, definition of intellectual content, literature search, data acquisition, data analysis, manuscript preparation, and manuscript editing. L.K. was involved in literature search, data acquisition, data analysis, manuscript preparation, and manuscript editing. R.K. was involved in literature search, data acquisition, and manuscript editing. S.W. analyzed the data and edited the manuscript. P.S. edited and reviewed the manuscript. M.M.P. was involved in data acquisition, manuscript editing and review.




Publication History

Article published online:
05 December 2022

© 2022. The Indian Association of Laboratory Physicians. This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commercial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

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