Semin intervent Radiol 2022; 39(03): 210-217
DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1751293
Review Article

Bronchial Artery Embolization

Claire S. Kaufman
1   Dotter Department of Interventional Radiology, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, Oregon
,
Sharon W. Kwan
1   Dotter Department of Interventional Radiology, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, Oregon
› Author Affiliations

Abstract

Massive hemoptysis is a highly morbid medical condition with up to 75% mortality with conservative treatment. Bronchial artery embolization has emerged as the common treatment for both acute massive hemoptysis and chronic hemoptysis. This article will review the clinical presentation, bronchial artery anatomy, embolization procedure, complications, and expected outcomes.



Publication History

Article published online:
31 August 2022

© 2022. Thieme. All rights reserved.

Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc.
333 Seventh Avenue, 18th Floor, New York, NY 10001, USA

 
  • References

  • 1 Davidson K, Shojaee S. Managing massive hemoptysis. Chest 2020; 157 (01) 77-88
  • 2 Lee BR, Yu JY, Ban HJ. et al. Analysis of patients with hemoptysis in a tertiary referral hospital. Tuberc Respir Dis (Seoul) 2012; 73 (02) 107-114
  • 3 Ong TH, Eng P. Massive hemoptysis requiring intensive care. Intensive Care Med 2003; 29 (02) 317-320
  • 4 Reechaipichitkul W, Latong S. Etiology and treatment outcomes of massive hemoptysis. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 2005; 36 (02) 474-480
  • 5 Najarian KE, Morris CS. Arterial embolization in the chest. J Thorac Imaging 1998; 13 (02) 93-104
  • 6 Fernando HC, Stein M, Benfield JR, Link DP. Role of bronchial artery embolization in the management of hemoptysis. Arch Surg 1998; 133 (08) 862-866
  • 7 Corey R, Hla KM. Major and massive hemoptysis: reassessment of conservative management. Am J Med Sci 1987; 294 (05) 301-309
  • 8 Amirana M, Frater R, Tirschwell P, Janis M, Bloomberg A, State D. An aggressive surgical approach to significant hemoptysis in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. Am Rev Respir Dis 1968; 97 (02) 187-192
  • 9 Yoon W, Kim JK, Kim YH, Chung TW, Kang HK. Bronchial and nonbronchial systemic artery embolization for life-threatening hemoptysis: a comprehensive review. Radiographics 2002; 22 (06) 1395-1409
  • 10 Patwa A, Shah A. Anatomy and physiology of respiratory system relevant to anaesthesia. Indian J Anaesth 2015; 59 (09) 533-541
  • 11 Radchenko C, Alraiyes AH, Shojaee S. A systematic approach to the management of massive hemoptysis. J Thorac Dis 2017; 9 (Suppl. 10) S1069-S1086
  • 12 Remy J, Voisin C, Ribet M. et al. [Treatment, by embolization, of severe or repeated hemoptysis associated with systemic hypervascularization]. Nouv Presse Med 1973; 2 (31) 2060
  • 13 Kalva SP. Bronchial artery embolization. Tech Vasc Interv Radiol 2009; 12 (02) 130-138
  • 14 Panda A, Bhalla AS, Goyal A. Bronchial artery embolization in hemoptysis: a systematic review. Diagn Interv Radiol 2017; 23 (04) 307-317
  • 15 Jean-Baptiste E. Clinical assessment and management of massive hemoptysis. Crit Care Med 2000; 28 (05) 1642-1647
  • 16 Earwood JS, Thompson TD. Hemoptysis: evaluation and management. Am Fam Physician 2015; 91 (04) 243-249
  • 17 Abdulmalak C, Cottenet J, Beltramo G. et al. Haemoptysis in adults: a 5-year study using the French nationwide hospital administrative database. Eur Respir J 2015; 46 (02) 503-511
  • 18 Ittrich H, Bockhorn M, Klose H, Simon M. The diagnosis and treatment of hemoptysis. Dtsch Arztebl Int 2017; 114 (21) 371-381
  • 19 Arooj P, Bredin E, Henry MT. et al. Bronchoscopy in the investigation of outpatients with hemoptysis at a lung cancer clinic. Respir Med 2018; 139: 1-5
  • 20 Savale L, Parrot A, Khalil A. et al. Cryptogenic hemoptysis: from a benign to a life-threatening pathologic vascular condition. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2007; 175 (11) 1181-1185
  • 21 Singh SK, Tiwari KK. Etiology of hemoptysis: a retrospective study from a tertiary care hospital from northern Madhya Pradesh, India. Indian J Tuberc 2016; 63 (01) 44-47
  • 22 Gagnon S, Quigley N, Dutau H, Delage A, Fortin M. Approach to hemoptysis in the modern era. Can Respir J 2017; 2017: 1565030
  • 23 Sehgal IS, Dhooria S, Agarwal R, Behera D. Use of a flexible cryoprobe for removal of tracheobronchial blood clots. Respir Care 2015; 60 (07) e128-e131
  • 24 Conlan AA, Hurwitz SS. Management of massive haemoptysis with the rigid bronchoscope and cold saline lavage. Thorax 1980; 35 (12) 901-904
  • 25 Sakr L, Dutau H. Massive hemoptysis: an update on the role of bronchoscopy in diagnosis and management. Respiration 2010; 80 (01) 38-58
  • 26 Lee S, Chan JW, Chan SC. et al. Bronchial artery embolisation can be equally safe and effective in the management of chronic recurrent haemoptysis. Hong Kong Med J 2008; 14 (01) 14-20
  • 27 Swanson KL, Johnson CM, Prakash UB, McKusick MA, Andrews JC, Stanson AW. Bronchial artery embolization: experience with 54 patients. Chest 2002; 121 (03) 789-795
  • 28 Dabó H, Gomes R, Marinho A, Madureira M, Paquete J, Morgado P. Bronchial artery embolisation in management of hemoptysis – a retrospective analysis in a tertiary university hospital. Rev Port Pneumol (2006) 2016; 22 (01) 34-38
  • 29 Loiudice G, Catelli A, Corvino A, Quarantelli M, Venetucci P. Endovascular treatment of chronic hemoptysis in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. Acta Biomed 2021; 92 (03) e2021201
  • 30 Tanomkiat W, Tanisaro K. Radiographic relationship of the origin of the bronchial arteries to the left main bronchus. J Thorac Imaging 2003; 18 (01) 27-33
  • 31 McCullagh A, Rosenthal M, Wanner A, Hurtado A, Padley S, Bush A. The bronchial circulation – worth a closer look: a review of the relationship between the bronchial vasculature and airway inflammation. Pediatr Pulmonol 2010; 45 (01) 1-13
  • 32 Burke CT, Mauro MA. Bronchial artery embolization. Semin Intervent Radiol 2004; 21 (01) 43-48
  • 33 Sopko DR, Smith TP. Bronchial artery embolization for hemoptysis. Semin Intervent Radiol 2011; 28 (01) 48-62
  • 34 Cauldwell EW, Siekert RG. et al. The bronchial arteries; an anatomic study of 150 human cadavers. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1948; 86 (04) 395-412
  • 35 Brown AC, Ray CE. Anterior spinal cord infarction following bronchial artery embolization. Semin Intervent Radiol 2012; 29 (03) 241-244
  • 36 Walker CM, Rosado-de-Christenson ML, Martínez-Jiménez S, Kunin JR, Wible BC. Bronchial arteries: anatomy, function, hypertrophy, and anomalies. Radiographics 2015; 35 (01) 32-49
  • 37 Sancho C, Escalante E, Domínguez J. et al. Embolization of bronchial arteries of anomalous origin. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 1998; 21 (04) 300-304
  • 38 Hartmann IJ, Remy-Jardin M, Menchini L, Teisseire A, Khalil C, Remy J. Ectopic origin of bronchial arteries: assessment with multidetector helical CT angiography. Eur Radiol 2007; 17 (08) 1943-1953
  • 39 Loukas M, Hanna M, Chen J, Tubbs RS, Anderson RH. Extracardiac coronary arterial anastomoses. Clin Anat 2011; 24 (02) 137-142
  • 40 Choi WS, Kim MU, Kim HC, Yoon CJ, Lee JH. Variations of bronchial artery origin in 600 patients: systematic analysis with multidetector computed tomography and digital subtraction angiography. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100 (22) e26001
  • 41 Shimohira M, Ohta K, Nagai K. et al. Bronchial arterial embolization using a gelatin sponge for hemoptysis from pulmonary aspergilloma: comparison with other pulmonary diseases. Emerg Radiol 2019; 26 (05) 501-506
  • 42 Tanaka N, Yamakado K, Murashima S. et al. Superselective bronchial artery embolization for hemoptysis with a coaxial microcatheter system. J Vasc Interv Radiol 1997; 8 (1, Pt 1): 65-70
  • 43 Lorenz J, Sheth D, Patel J. Bronchial artery embolization. Semin Intervent Radiol 2012; 29 (03) 155-160
  • 44 Kucukay F, Topcuoglu OM, Alpar A, Altay CM, Kucukay MB, Ozbulbul NI. Bronchial artery embolization with large sized (700-900  µm) tris-acryl microspheres (Embosphere) for massive hemoptysis: long-term results (clinical research). Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 2018; 41 (02) 225-230
  • 45 Corr PD. Bronchial artery embolization for life-threatening hemoptysis using tris-acryl microspheres: short-term result. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 2005; 28 (04) 439-441
  • 46 Fruchter O, Schneer S, Rusanov V, Belenky A, Kramer MR. Bronchial artery embolization for massive hemoptysis: long-term follow-up. Asian Cardiovasc Thorac Ann 2015; 23 (01) 55-60
  • 47 Woo S, Yoon CJ, Chung JW. et al. Bronchial artery embolization to control hemoptysis: comparison of N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate and polyvinyl alcohol particles. Radiology 2013; 269 (02) 594-602
  • 48 Ayx I, Müller-Wille R, Wohlgemuth WA. et al. Treatment of acute hemoptysis by bronchial artery embolization with the liquid embolic agent ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2017; 28 (06) 825-831
  • 49 San Norberto EM, Urbano García J, Montes JM, Vaquero C. Endovascular treatment of bronchial aneurysms. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2018; 156 (02) e109-e117
  • 50 Uflacker R, Kaemmerer A, Picon PD. et al. Bronchial artery embolization in the management of hemoptysis: technical aspects and long-term results. Radiology 1985; 157 (03) 637-644
  • 51 Tayal M, Chauhan U, Sharma P, Dev R, Dua R, Kumar S. Bronchial artery embolization. What further we can offer?. Wideochir Inne Tech Malo Inwazyjne 2020; 15 (03) 478-487
  • 52 Park JH, Kim DS, Kwon JS, Hwang DH. Posterior circulation stroke after bronchial artery embolization. Neurol Sci 2012; 33 (04) 923-926
  • 53 Laborda A, Tejero C, Fredes A, Cebrian L, Guelbenzu S, de Gregorio MA. Posterior circulation stroke after bronchial artery embolization. A rare but serious complication. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 2013; 36 (03) 860-863
  • 54 Nisar T. A rare case of posterior circulation stroke caused by bronchial artery embolization. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2018; 27 (08) e153-e155
  • 55 Liu SF, Lee TY, Wong SL, Lai YF, Lin AS. Transient cortical blindness: a complication of bronchial artery embolization. Respir Med 1998; 92 (07) 983-986
  • 56 van Doorn CS, De Boo DW, Weersink EJM, van Delden OM, Reekers JA, van Lienden KP. Permanent cortical blindness after bronchial artery embolization. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 2013; 36 (06) 1686-1689
  • 57 Ishikawa H, Ohbe H, Omachi N, Morita K, Yasunaga H. Spinal cord infarction after bronchial artery embolization for hemoptysis: a nationwide observational study in Japan. Radiology 2021; 298 (03) 673-679
  • 58 van den Heuvel MM, Els Z, Koegelenberg CF, Naidu KM, Bolliger CT, Diacon AH. Risk factors for recurrence of haemoptysis following bronchial artery embolisation for life-threatening haemoptysis. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2007; 11 (08) 909-914
  • 59 Han K, Yoon KW, Kim JH, Kim GM. bronchial artery embolization for hemoptysis in primary lung cancer: a retrospective review of 84 patients. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2019; 30 (03) 428-434
  • 60 Martin LN, Higgins L, Mohabir P, Sze DY, Hofmann LV. Bronchial artery embolization for hemoptysis in cystic fibrosis patients: a 17-year review. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2020; 31 (02) 331-335
  • 61 Tom LM, Palevsky HI, Holsclaw DS. et al. Recurrent bleeding, survival, and longitudinal pulmonary function following bronchial artery embolization for hemoptysis in a U.S. adult population. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2015; 26 (12) 1806-13 .e1
  • 62 Hwang HG, Lee HS, Choi JS, Seo KH, Kim YH, Na JO. Risk factors influencing rebleeding after bronchial artery embolization on the management of hemoptysis associated with pulmonary tuberculosis. Tuberc Respir Dis (Seoul) 2013; 74 (03) 111-119