CC BY 4.0 · Rev Bras Ginecol Obstet 2022; 44(02): 202-210
DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1743401
Febrasgo Position Statement

Perioperative management in gynecological surgery based on the ERAS program

Number 2 - February 2022
1   Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
,
2   Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
,
3   Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
,
4   Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Santa Casa de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
,
5   Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
,
6   Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
,
7   Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
,
8   Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
,
9   Hospital São Rafael, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
,
10   Universidade do Estado do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
,
11   Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
› Author Affiliations

Key points

  • The Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) program is based on perioperative medical optimization, including pre-admission counseling, pain relief, carbohydrate intake, thromboembolism prophylaxis, standard anesthetic protocol, optimized intraoperative fluid administration, recovery of normal gastrointestinal function and early mobilization.

  • The main objectives of the ERAS program are to reduce the length of hospital stay after surgery and accelerate the return of patients to normal daily activities without increasing complications, hospital readmission rates and cost.

  • The ERAS program has been adopted in several surgical specialties and is associated with faster and safer recovery, better quality of life and patient satisfaction.

  • The process of implementing this program involves a multidisciplinary team and all units dealing with the surgical patient.

  • Postoperative adverse events, venous thromboembolism is an example, are associated with longer hospital stay and higher mortality rates. Furthermore, factors such as postoperative pain and resumption of bowel function continue to be barriers to early discharge and return to daily activities.

  • The program provides safe, high-quality perioperative care and should become standard practice for all women undergoing elective gynecological surgery.

The National Specialized Commissions on Ginecologic Endoscopy, Endometriosis and Oncological Gynecology of the Brazilian Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics Associations (Febrasgo) endorse this document. The content production is based on scientific studies on a thematic proposal and the findings presented contribute to clinical practice.




Publication History

Article published online:
25 February 2022

© 2022. Federação Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, permitting unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction so long as the original work is properly cited. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

Thieme Revinter Publicações Ltda.
Rua do Matoso 170, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 20270-135, Brazil

 
  • References

  • 1 Kalogera E, Dowdy SC. Enhanced recovery pathway in gynecologic surgery: improving outcomes through evidence-based medicine. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am 2016; 43 (03) 551-73 DOI: 10.1016/j.ogc.2016.04.006.
  • 2 Miralpeix E, Nick AM, Meyer LA, Cata J, Lasala J, Mena GE. et al. A call for new standard of care in perioperative gynecologic oncology practice: impact of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) programs. Gynecol Oncol 2016; 141 (02) 371-8 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2016.02.019.
  • 3 Myriokefalitaki E, Smith M, Ahmed AS. Implementation of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) in gynaecological oncology. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2016; 294 (01) 137-43 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-015-3934-4.
  • 4 Silva Filho AL, Santiago AE, Derchain SF, Carvalho JP. Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS): new concepts in the perioperative management of gynecologic surgery. Rev Bras Ginecol Obstet 2018; 40 (08) 433-6 DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1668581.
  • 5 Nelson G, Bakkum-Gamez J, Kalogera E, Glaser G, Altman A, Meyer LA. et al. Guidelines for perioperative care in gynecologic/oncology: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Society recommendations-2019 update. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2019; 29 (04) 651-68 DOI: 10.1136/ijgc-2019-000356.
  • 6 Kalogera E, Glaser GE, Kumar A, Dowdy SC, Langstraat CL. Enhanced recovery after minimally invasive gynecologic procedures with bowel surgery: a systematic review. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2019; 26 (02) 288-98 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2018.10.016.
  • 7 Torbé E, Nordin A, Acheson N. Enhanced recovery in gynaecology. Obstet Gynaecol 2013; 15 (04) 263-8 DOI: 10.1111/tog.12061.
  • 8 Kalogera E, Bakkum-Gamez JN, Jankowski CJ, Trabuco E, Lovely JK, Dhanorker S. et al. Enhanced recovery in gynecologic surgery. Obstet Gynecol 2013; 122 (2 Pt 1): 319-28 DOI: 10.1097/AOG.0b013e31829aa780.
  • 9 Nelson G, Altman AD, Nick A, Meyer LA, Ramirez PT, Achtari C. et al. Guidelines for pre- and intra-operative care in gynecologic/oncology surgery: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS®) Society recommendations – Part I. Gynecol Oncol 2016; 140 (02) 313-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2015.11.015.
  • 10 Practice guidelines for preoperative fasting and the use of pharmacologic agents to reduce the risk of pulmonary aspiration: application to healthy patients undergoing elective procedures: an updated report by the American Society of Anesthesiologists Task Force on preoperative fasting and the use of pharmacologic agents to reduce the risk of pulmonary aspiration. Anesthesiology 2017; 126 (03) 376-93 DOI: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000001452.
  • 11 Nygren J, Thorell A, Ljungqvist O. Preoperative oral carbohydrate therapy. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol 2015; 28 (03) 364-9 DOI: 10.1097/ACO.0000000000000192.
  • 12 Azagury DE, Ris F, Pichard C, Volonté F, Karsegard L, Huber O. Does perioperative nutrition and oral carbohydrate load sustainably preserve muscle mass after bariatric surgery? A randomized control trial. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2015; 11 (04) 920-6 DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2014.10.016.
  • 13 Laffin MR, Li S, Brisebois R, Senior PA, Wang H. The use of a pre-operative carbohydrate drink in patients with diabetes mellitus: a prospective, non-inferiority, cohort study. World J Surg 2018; 42 (07) 1965-70 DOI: 10.1007/s00268-017-4413-9.
  • 14 Minig L, Biffi R, Zanagnolo V, Attanasio A, Beltrami C, Bocciolone L. et al. Reduction of postoperative complication rate with the use of early oral feeding in gynecologic oncologic patients undergoing a major surgery: a randomized controlled trial. Ann Surg Oncol 2009; 16 (11) 3101-10 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-009-0681-4.
  • 15 McClave SA, Taylor BE, Martindale RG, Warren MM, Johnson DR, Braunschweig C. et al. Guidelines for the provision and assessment of nutrition support therapy in the adult critically ill patient: Society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM) and American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (A.S.P.E.N.). JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2016; 40 (02) 159-211 DOI: 10.1177/0148607115621863.
  • 16 Wischmeyer PE, Carli F, Evans DC, Guilbert S, Kozar R, Pryor A. et al. American Society for Enhanced Recovery and Perioperative Quality Initiative Joint Consensus Statement on nutrition screening and therapy within a surgical enhanced recovery pathway. Anesth Analg 2018; 126 (06) 1883-95 DOI: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000002743.
  • 17 Fanning J, Valea FA. Perioperative bowel management for gynecologic surgery. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2011; 205 (04) 309-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2011.05.010.
  • 18 Kantartzis KL, Shepherd JP. The use of mechanical bowel preparation in laparoscopic gynecologic surgery: a decision analysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2015; 213 (05) 721.e1-5 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2015.05.017.
  • 19 Huang H, Wang H, He M. Is mechanical bowel preparation still necessary for gynecologic laparoscopic surgery? A meta-analysis. Asian J Endosc Surg 2015; 8 (02) 171-9 DOI: 10.1111/ases.12155.
  • 20 Gould MK, Garcia DA, Wren SM, Karanicolas PJ, Arcelus JI, Heit JA. et al. Prevention of VTE in nonorthopedic surgical patients: Antithrombotic Therapy and Prevention of Thrombosis, 9th ed: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines. Chest 2012; 141 (2 Suppl): e227S-e77S DOI: 10.1378/chest.11-2297.
  • 21 Lyman GH, Khorana AA, Kuderer NM, Lee AY, Arcelus JI, Balaban EP. et al. Venous thromboembolism prophylaxis and treatment in patients with cancer: American Society of Clinical Oncology clinical practice guideline update. J Clin Oncol 2013; 31 (17) 2189-204 DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2013.49.1118.
  • 22 Galvão CM, Marck PB, Sawada NO, Clark AM. A systematic review of the effectiveness of cutaneous warming systems to prevent hypothermia. J Clin Nurs 2009; 18 (05) 627-36 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2702.2008.02668.x.
  • 23 Scott EM, Buckland R. A systematic review of intraoperative warming to prevent postoperative complications. AORN J 2006; 83 (05) 1090-104 , 107-13 DOI: 10.1016/s0001-2092(06)60120-8.
  • 24 Lopes AD, Hall JR, Monaghan JM. Drainage following radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy: dogma or need?. Obstet Gynecol 1995; 86 (06) 960-3 DOI: 10.1016/0029-7844(95)00311-e.
  • 25 Griffiths R, Fernandez R. Strategies for the removal of short-term indwelling urethral catheters in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2007; (02) CD004011 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD004011.pub3.
  • 26 Ahmed MR, Sayed Ahmed WA, Atwa KA, Metwally L. Timing of urinary catheter removal after uncomplicated total abdominal hysterectomy: a prospective randomized trial. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2014; 176: 60-3 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2014.02.038.
  • 27 Gupta A, Stierer T, Zuckerman R, Sakima N, Parker SD, Fleisher LA. Comparison of recovery profile after ambulatory anesthesia with propofol, isoflurane, sevoflurane and desflurane: a systematic review. Anesth Analg 2004; 98 (03) 632-41 DOI: 10.1213/01.ane.0000103187.70627.57.
  • 28 Wick EC, Grant MC, Wu CL. Postoperative multimodal analgesia pain management with nonopioid analgesics and techniques: a review. JAMA Surg 2017; 152 (07) 691-7 DOI: 10.1001/jamasurg.2017.0898.
  • 29 MacKay G, Fearon K, McConnachie A, Serpell MG, Molloy RG, O'Dwyer PJ. Randomized clinical trial of the effect of postoperative intravenous fluid restriction on recovery after elective colorectal surgery. Br J Surg 2006; 93 (12) 1469-74 DOI: 10.1002/bjs.5593.
  • 30 Gómez-Izquierdo JC, Feldman LS, Carli F, Baldini G. Meta-analysis of the effect of goal-directed therapy on bowel function after abdominal surgery. Br J Surg 2015; 102 (06) 577-89 DOI: 10.1002/bjs.9747.
  • 31 Gan TJ, Diemunsch P, Habib AS, Kovac A, Kranke P, Meyer TA. et al. Consensus guidelines for the management of postoperative nausea and vomiting. Anesth Analg 2014; 118 (01) 85-113 DOI: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000000002.
  • 32 Bakkum-Gamez JN, Langstraat CL, Martin JR, Lemens MA, Weaver AL, Allensworth S. et al. Incidence of and risk factors for postoperative ileus in women undergoing primary staging and debulking for epithelial ovarian carcinoma. Gynecol Oncol 2012; 125 (03) 614-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2012.02.027.
  • 33 American Society of Anesthesiologists Committee. Practice guidelines for preoperative fasting and the use of pharmacologic agents to reduce the risk of pulmonary aspiration: application to healthy patients undergoing elective procedures: an updated report by the American Society of Anesthesiologists Committee on Standards and Practice Parameters. Anesthesiology 2011; 114 (03) 495-511 DOI: 10.1097/ALN.0b013e3181fcbfd9.
  • 34 Hansen CT, Sørensen M, Møller C, Ottesen B, Kehlet H. Effect of laxatives on gastrointestinal functional recovery in fast-track hysterectomy: a double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized study. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2007; 196 (04) 311.e1-7 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2006.10.902.