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CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · J Lab Physicians 2022; 14(03): 247-252
DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1742417
Original Article

Analysis of Blood Group Discrepancy in Healthy Blood Donors at a Tertiary Care Referral Hospital from Eastern India: A Retrospective Study

Ansuman Sahu 
1   Department of Transfusion Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
,
Satya Prakash
1   Department of Transfusion Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
,
Niladri Das
1   Department of Transfusion Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
,
Suman Sudha Routray
1   Department of Transfusion Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
,
Archana Naik
1   Department of Transfusion Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
,
Somnath Mukherjee 
1   Department of Transfusion Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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Abstract

Objective ABO typing constitutes cell grouping and serum grouping. The discrepancy may arise in ABO typing due to a mismatch in cell grouping and serum grouping. It may be due to technical errors, missing or weak ABO antibodies (type I), weak ABO subgroups (type II), Rouleaux formation (type III), or other miscellaneous reasons (type IV). This study was carried out to determine the prevalence and cause of ABO blood group discrepancy in donor samples at our center.

Methods A retrospective study of ABO blood group typing of blood donors was conducted at our center. The blood group typing was routinely performed using gel cards and a microcentrifuge system (Tulip Diagnostics(P) Ltd, Goa, India). If any discrepancy in ABO typing was noted, the test was repeated using the conventional tube technique. After sorting clerical/technical error, the causes of discrepancy were analyzed and resolved using anti-A1, anti-H, anti-AB, and other immunohematological tests like antibody screening and identification, saliva inhibition test, adsorption-elution studies.

Results A total of 12,715 (98.6% males and 1.4% females) donor samples were tested. The number of ABO discrepancies detected were 15 (0.12%). The discrepancies were characterized as type I (6 cases; 40%), type II (1 case; 6.7%), type III (0 cases; 0%), and type IV (8 cases; 53.3%). Three cases, each of anti-M and anti-Leb, were detected in the study population. A single case of A3, a subgroup of A blood group, was found during the study.

Conclusion The prevalence of ABO group discrepancy was 0.12% at our center. Discrepancy arising during ABO typing of blood donor must be resolved before reporting ABO blood group to minimize the recipient's chances of transfusion reaction. The serum grouping is equally crucial as cell grouping for reporting the ABO group of an individual.

Keywords

blood donors - ABO blood-group system - ABO antibodies - adsorption-elution studies


Publication History

Article published online:
09 February 2022

© 2022. The Indian Association of Laboratory Physicians. This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commercial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

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