Deficiency and Insufficiency of Vitamin D in Women of Childbearing Age: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Abstract

Objective To estimate the prevalence of inadequate vitamin D level and its associated factors for women of childbearing age in Brazil.

Methods A systematic review was conducted (last updated May 2020). Meta-analyses were performed using the inverse-variance for fixed models with summary proportion calculation by Freeman-Tukey double arcsine. Reporting and methodological quality were assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute tool for prevalence studies.

Results Our review identified 31 studies, comprising 4,006 participants. All the studies had at least one weakness, mainly due to the use of convenience sampling and small sample size. The overall prevalence of vitamin D deficiency, insufficiency, and both deficiency and insufficiency were 35% (confidence interval, 95%CI: 34–37%), 42% (95%CI: 41–44%), and 72% (95%CI: 71–74%), respectively.

Conclusion Although the magnitude of the prevalence of inadequate levels of vitamin D is uncertain, the evidence suggests that presence of vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency in women of reproductive age can cause moderate to severe problems.

Resumo

Objetivo Estimar a prevalência de níveis inadequados de vitamina D e seus fatores associados para mulheres em idade fértil no Brasil.

Métodos Uma revisão sistemática foi realizada (última atualização em maio de 2020). As meta-análises foram realizadas usando o inverso da variância para o modelo fixo com cálculo de proporção sumarizada por transformação arco-seno duplo de Freeman-Tukey. A qualidade metodológica e de reporte foi avaliada usando a ferramenta do Joanna Briggs Institute para estudos de prevalência.

Resultados Nossa revisão identificou 31 estudos, compreendendo 4.006 participantes. Todos os estudos apresentaram pelo menos uma limitação, principalmente devido ao uso de amostra de conveniência e tamanho amostral pequeno. As prevalências gerais de deficiência, insuficiência e deficiência de vitamina D foram 35% (intervalo de confiança, IC 95%: 34–37%), 42% (IC 95%: 41–44%) e 72% (IC 95%: 71–74%), respectivamente.

Conclusão Embora a magnitude da prevalência de níveis inadequados de vitamina D seja incerta, a evidência sugere que presença de deficiência ou insuficiência de vitamina D em mulheres em idade reprodutiva pode causar problemas moderados a graves.

Keywords

cholecalciferol - vitamin D deficiency - nutritional epidemiology - maternal nutrition - women's health

Palavras-chave

colecalciferol - deficiência de vitamina D - epidemiologia nutricional - nutrição materna - saúde da mulher

Contributions

Lucchetta RC: Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing, Investigation, Visualization, Supervision, Validation; Lemos IH: Writing- Reviewing and Editing, and Investigation; Gini ALR: Writing- Reviewing and Editing, and Investigation; Cavicchioli SA: Writing- Reviewing and Editing, and Investigation; Forgerini M: Visualization, Writing- Reviewing and Editing; Varallo FR: Visualization, Writing- Reviewing and Editing; de Nadai MN: Visualization, Writing- Reviewing and Editing; Fernando Fernandez-Llimós: Visualization, Writing- Reviewing and Editing; Mastroianni P: Conceptualization, Visualization, Validation, Writing- Reviewing and Editing, Project administration.

Publication History

Received: 20 April 2021

Accepted: 03 November 2021

Article published online:
24 February 2022

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