Management der Mangelernährung beim hospitalisierten Patienten

C. Aeberhard; N. Friedli; M. Leuenberger; P. Schuetz; Z. Stanga

doi:10.1055/s-0042-119690

Aktuelle Ernährungsmedizin, Table of Contents

Aktuelle Ernährungsmedizin 2016; 41(06): 429-436
DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-119690

Übersicht

Management der Mangelernährung beim hospitalisierten Patienten

Management of Malnutrition in Hospitalised Patients

C. Aeberhard

¹Universitätsklinik für Diabetologie, Endokrinologie, Klinische Ernährung und Metabolismus, Inselspital, Universitätsspital Bern und Universität Bern, Schweiz

,

N. Friedli

²Endokrinologie, Diabetes, Klinische Ernährung und Innere Medizin, Medizinische Universitätsklinik der Universität Basel, Kantonsspital Aarau, Schweiz

,

M. Leuenberger

¹Universitätsklinik für Diabetologie, Endokrinologie, Klinische Ernährung und Metabolismus, Inselspital, Universitätsspital Bern und Universität Bern, Schweiz

,

P. Schuetz

²Endokrinologie, Diabetes, Klinische Ernährung und Innere Medizin, Medizinische Universitätsklinik der Universität Basel, Kantonsspital Aarau, Schweiz

,

Z. Stanga

¹Universitätsklinik für Diabetologie, Endokrinologie, Klinische Ernährung und Metabolismus, Inselspital, Universitätsspital Bern und Universität Bern, Schweiz

› Author Affiliations

Abstract

Zusammenfassung

Die krankheitsassoziierte Mangelernährung tritt in Spitälern mit einer Häufigkeit von 20 – 60 % auf und ist assoziiert mit einer Erhöhung der Komplikations-, Morbiditäts- und Mortalitätsrate, und kann zu einer verlängerten Hospitalisation führen. Die frühzeitige Erkennung von Patienten mit einem hohen Ernährungsrisiko mittels einem validierten Ernährungsscreening und die Erfassung des Ernährungsstatus sind entscheidend für ein erfolgreiches Ernährungsmanagement. Eine ausgedehnte Ernährungsanamnese mit detaillierter Beurteilung metabolischer, ernährungsphysiologischer und funktioneller Parameter widerspiegelt die individuellen Ernährungsgewohnheiten und -bedürfnisse des Patienten. Entsprechend soll eine adäquate Ernährungstherapie nach einem Stufenschema durch ein multiprofessionelles Ernährungsteam rasch eingeleitet werden. Die Behandlung muss überwacht und in regelmäßigen Kontrollen adaptiert werden, um die ernährungsmedizinischen Ziele schnellstmöglich zu erreichen. Eine Ernährungstherapie muss bestimmte Qualitätskriterien erfüllen, um eine optimale Behandlung zu ermöglichen und eine hohe Patientensicherheit zu garantieren.

Abstract

Disease-related malnutrition in hospitalized patients occurs in 20 – 60 % and is related to increased complications, morbidity and mortality rates and prolonged length of hospital stay. Early identification of patients at nutritional risk with a validated screening tool and timely assessment of impaired nutritional status are essential for a successful nutritional management. Detailed dietary protocols and the accurate assessment of metabolic, nutritional and functional parameters reveals the individual eating habits and needs. Therefore, an adequate nutritional treatment according to a step-by-step plan should be implemented by a multi-professional nutrition support team. The nutritional therapy should be monitored and adapted repeatedly in order to achieve rapidly the set goals. A nutritional intervention must fulfill certain quality criteria to allow an optimal treatment and to guarantee a high level of patients’ safety.

Schlüsselwörter

krankheitsassoziierte Mangelernährung - Ernährungstherapie - orale Ernährung - enterale Ernährung - parenterale Ernährung - Refeeding-Syndrom

Keywords

disease-related malnutrition - nutritional therapy - oral nutrition - enteral nutrition - parenteral nutrition - refeeding syndrome

Full Text

References

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