Atmosphären auf zukünftigen bemannten Mond- und Marsmissionen

Auf zukünftigen Missionen zum Mond und Mars werden Explorationsatmosphären zum Einsatz kommen. Diese unnatürlichen Atmosphären setzen sich aus einer deutlich hypobaren aber nur milden hypoxischen Komponente zusammen. Notwendig werden diese Atmosphären, um den Astronauten das sehr schnelle und wiederholte Wechseln zwischen der Oberflächenstation und dem Raumanzug und damit eine effektive und intensive Arbeit außerhalb der Station zu ermöglichen. Medizinische Besonderheiten und Risiken der verschiedenen Atmosphären, wie akute Höhenkrankheit und hypobare Dekompressionserkrankung, während eines bemannten Fluges zu Mond oder Mars werden in diesem Übersichtsartikel diskutiert.

On future manned missions to the moon or Mars so called exploration atmospheres will be used. These unnatural atmospheres are composed of a clearly hypobaric but only mild hypoxic component. The application of this kind of atmospheres will be necessary to allow the astronaut to perform very rapid and repeated switching between the atmospheres of the station on the surface and the space suit to establish efficient work outside the station. Medical characteristics and risks of the different atmospheres on a manned mission to the moon or Mars, such as acute mountain sickness and hypobaric decompression sickness, are discussed in this review article.

Key words

atmosphere - manned missions - Mars - medical risks

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