Belastungsbewältigung bei Frauen mit FGM aus Äthiopien – Zur Rolle der Einstellung

Zusammenfassung

Die weibliche Genitalverstümmelung (FGM: Female Genital Mutilation) ist auch heute noch in vielen Ländern vertreten und erfolgt vorwiegend aus traditionellen Gründen. Untersucht wird, ob die Zusammenhänge zwischen dem Schweregrad von FGM (Typ I u. III) und Ängstlichkeit, Depressivität und Symptomen einer Posttraumatischen Belastungsstörung (PTBS) von 5 Einstellungen zur FGM-Tradition moderiert werden. Hierfür wurden die Daten von N=109 von FGM-Typ I und III betroffenen Frauen aus Äthiopien erhoben und mittels Varianzanalysen ausgewertet. Es ließen sich Moderationseffekte durch die Einstellungen nachweisen. Die Symptomatik der PTBS war bei einer FGM-bejahenden Einstellung bei Frauen mit FGM-Typ III geringer ausgeprägt als bei Frauen mit Typ I. Auch die Depressivität bei FGM-Typ III fiel milder aus, wenn FGM befürwortet wurde. Eine befürwortende Einstellung scheint mit einer besseren Belastungsbewältigung einherzugehen, nicht zuletzt aufgrund der in Zusammenhang mit FGM erfahrenen sozialen Integration und Anerkennung. In Hinblick auf Aufklärungs- und Abschaffungsbemühungen zeigt diese Studie die Bedeutung der Einstellung zu FGM in der Bevölkerung auf.

Abstract

The Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) is still practiced in many countries and mainly performed for traditional reasons. In this study, the relationship of the FGM type (type I and type III) with anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder as well as the attitude toward FGM was analyzed. For this purpose the data of N=109 of FGM type I and III affected women from Ethiopia were collected. Analyses show moderation effects. It was found that the symptoms of depression and PTSD were less pronounced with a positive attitude towards the FGM in the sample of severely mutilated women (type III). It seems that the attitude toward FGM plays a major role in enhancing social recognition of those affected, thus better coping can take place. As well, this study shows the importance of the attitude of FGM tradition in the population to protect young girls prone for FGM.

Schlüsselwörter

Weibliche Genitalverstümmelung - Ängstlichkeit - Depressivität - Posttraumatische Belastungsstörung

Keywords

anxiety - depression - posttraumatic stress disorder - female genital mutilation

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