Infantile Hämangiome

Zusammenfassung

Infantile Hämangiome (IH) sind die häufigsten Tumoren des Säuglings- und Kleinkindesalters. Im Gegensatz zu vielen anderen Tumoren haben sie nach einer anfänglichen Proliferationsphase die Eigenschaft einer spontanen Remission durch Involution. Ein Großteil der IH kann diese Abfolge spontan durchlaufen, ohne dass therapeutisch interveniert werden muss. Bei einem kleinen Teil der ansonsten gutartigen Tumoren kommt es jedoch schon frühzeitig zu Komplikationen, welche selten lebensbedrohlich sein können und oft bleibende funktionelle Schäden, Schmerzen oder dauerhaft entstellende Befunde hinterlassen. Die Herausforderung für den Dermatologen ist eine frühzeitige Diagnosestellung und im Falle drohender Komplikation die rasche Einleitung einer angepassten Therapie zu bahnen. Dabei stehen je nach Lage und Art des IH sowie der Größe, welche auch vom Zeitpunkt der Erstpräsentation abhängt, unterschiedliche therapeutische Optionen zur Verfügung. Gerade in der sehr frühen Phase lassen sich manchmal sowohl Folgeschäden als auch Therapieintensität und -dauer positiv beeinflussen.

In diesem Artikel sollen Eigenschaften infantiler Hämangiome, Entwicklungsverlauf und therapeutische Modalitäten daher aktualisiert besprochen werden.

Abstract

Infantile hemangiomas are the most common tumors of infancy. Following an initial period of proliferation they have the capability of spontaneous remission by involution. The majority of infantile hemangiomas will pass through this sequence without the need for intervention. Within a small percentage of these per se benign tumors, however, complications can occur. These complications are rarely life threatening but often leave permanent functional damage, pain or disfigurement. The challenge for the dermatologist lies in the need for an early diagnosis and the prompt initiation of a clinical finding based therapy in case of impending complications.

Different therapeutic options are available depending on the localization, subtype and size of infantile hemangioma, the latter again depending on the time of the patient’s first presentation. Especially in the very early stages possible distortion, tissue damage as well as treatment intensity and duration can be influenced positively.

This article will summarize and update the current knowledge on characteristics, development, diagnosis and therapy of infantile hemangiomas.

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