CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · Revista Iberoamericana de Cirugía de la Mano 2021; 49(02): e121-e127
DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1740093
Original Article | Artículo Original

Arthroscopic Lunotriquetral Ligamentoplasty, from the Cadaver Lab to the Clinical Practice

Article in several languages: English | español
Marcos Cruz-Sánchez
1   Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology Service, Hospital Dos de Maig – Consorci Sanitari Integral, Barcelona, Spain
2   Trauma Unit, Centro Médico Teknon, Barcelona, Spain
,
2   Trauma Unit, Centro Médico Teknon, Barcelona, Spain
› Author Affiliations

Abstract

Introduction There has been an increase in the diagnosis of injuries to the intrinsic ligaments of the wrist due to the more widespread use of arthroscopy in the treatment of patients with musculoskeletal wrist pain, and arthroscopy is particularly very helpful to determine the etiology of these lesions at the ulnar level. The treatment of lunotriquetral ligament injuries encompasses different techniques with results that are little reproducible. Ligament reconstruction through tendon grafting has shown favorable results, but it involves extensive open approaches that lead to a slower recovery a lower range of joint motion due to the excess of scar tissue. The objective of the present study is to describe the performance, in a cadaver, of a minimally-invasive lunotriquetral and secondary-stabilizer ligamentoplasty and its application in a representative clinical case.

Material and Methods A preliminary study of six specimens in which a lunotriquetral and secondary-stabilizer ligamentoplasty was performed consecutively through a free tendon graft with arthroscopic assistance. We proceeded to recreate the complete ligament injury, and to perform an assessment of lunotriquetral instability according to the Geissler classification and an arthroscopic ballottement test. We describe the surgical technique, ligament stability after the ligamentoplasty, and the subsequent anatomical dissection, assessing the anatomical structures susceptible to iatrogenic injury. We also describe the application of the technique in one case, comparing the clinical parameters before and after the procedure: range of motion of the joint, strength, pain and the shortened version of the Disabilities of the Arm, Hand, and Shoulder (QuickDASH) questionnaire.

Results The ligamentoplasties performed showed recovery of the stability of the lunotriquetral interval assessed according to the Geissler classification and the arthroscopic ballottement test. In the dissection of the specimens, no iatrogenic lesions were found in the tendons or the surfaces of the mediocarpal and radiocarpal joints. The average distances between the nearest bone tunnels and nerves were of 7.3 mm for the sensory branch of the ulnar nerve, of 3.6 mm for the posterior interosseous nerve, and of 4.5 mm for the ulnar neurovascular bundle. No fractures were observed in the tunnelled bones. In the clinical case herein presented, six months after the intervention, there was an improvement in strength and preoperative pain, with a slight decrease in the joint range of motion (15% compared to the contralateral joint).

Conclusions The lunotriquetral ligamentoplasty herein described could contribute to the biomechanical restoration of the carpus and be an option for recosntruction in selected cases. Its performance through minimally-invasive techniques, and the use of a free tendon graft together with specific rehabilitation should be considered to optimize the outcomes.

Resumen

Introducción El diagnóstico de lesiones en los ligamentos intrínsecos de la muñeca ha aumentado debido a un mayor uso de la artroscopia en el tratamiento de pacientes con carpalgia, siendo la artroscopia específicamente de gran ayuda para determinar la etiología de estas lesiones a nivel ulnar. El tratamiento de las lesiones del ligamento lunotriquetral abarca diferentes técnicas con resultados poco reproducibles. La reconstrucción ligamentosa mediante un injerto tendinoso ha mostrado resultados favorables, aunque la realización de amplios abordajes conlleva una recuperación más lenta y menor movilidad articular por el excesivo tejido cicatricial. El objetivo de este estudio es describir la realización en cadáver de una ligamentoplastia lunotriquetral y de los estabilizadores secundarios de manera mínimamente invasiva, y su aplicación en un caso clínico representativo.

Material y Método Estudio preliminar de seis especímenes en el que se realizó de forma consecutiva una ligamentoplastia lunotriquetral y de los estabilizadores secundarios por medio de un injerto tendinoso libre con asistencia artroscópica. Se procedió a la recreación de la lesión completa del ligamento y valoración de la inestabilidad lunotriquetral según la clasificación de Geissler test de Ballottement artroscópico. Se describe la técnica quirúrgica, la estabilidad ligamentosa tras la realización de la ligamentoplastia, y la disección anatómica posterior, valorando las estructuras anatómicas susceptibles de lesión yatrogénica. Se describe también la aplicación de la técnica en un caso, comparando los parámetros clínicos pre y postprocedimiento: balance articular, fuerza, dolor, y la versión corta del cuestionario de discapacidades del brazo, hombro y mano (Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand, QuickDASH, en inglés).

Resultados Las ligamentoplastias realizadas mostraron la recuperación de la estabilidad del intervalo lunotriquetral valorado según la clasificación de Geissler y el test de ballottement artroscópico. En la disección de los especímenes, no se encontraron lesiones yatrogénicas en tendones ni en las superficies articulares mediocarpiana y radiocarpiana. Las distancias medias entre los túneles óseos y los nervios más próximos fueron de 7.3 mm para la rama sensitiva cubital, de 3.6 mm para el nervio interóseo posterior, y de 4.5 mm para el paquete vasculonervioso cubital. No se observaron fracturas en los huesos tunelizados. En el caso clínico expuesto, se mejoró la fuerza y el dolor preoperatorio aunque con una disminución leve de la movilidad articular de la muñeca (15% respecto a la contralateral) a los 6 meses de la intervención.

Conclusiones La ligamentoplastia lunotriquetral descrita puede contribuir a la restauración biomecánica del carpo y ser una alternativa reconstructiva en casos seleccionados. Su ejecución mediante técnicas mínimamente invasivas, y la utilización de un injerto tendinoso libre junto con la realización de rehabilitación específica deben considerarse para optimizar el resultado.



Publication History

Received: 18 July 2021

Accepted: 23 August 2021

Article published online:
13 December 2021

© 2021. SECMA Foundation. This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commecial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

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