Abstract
Gender affirmation laryngeal and voice surgeries are components of “voice-lift” or
cosmetic voice surgeries. Feminization surgery can modify vocal folds (fundamental
frequency [Fo]) and vocal tract (resonance frequency). For increased pitch, vocal
folds should be shorter, thinner, and tighter. Cricothyroid approximation (CTA) surgery
increases tension of the vocal folds. Endoscopic procedures for pitch raising are
done by shortening the length and reducing mass of vocal folds. This shortening is
achieved by surgically creating anterior glottic web. Comparing the results of various
open and endoscopic surgical techniques, fundamental frequency (Fo) is raised maximally
and remains stable after GL as compared with CTA.
Keywords
transgender - phonosurgery
