Why are phytopharmaceuticals so successful in functional gastrointestinal disorders? Anti-inflammatory effects as a common mechanism of action

Introduction In 1992 S.M Collins raised for the first time the question “Is the irritable gut an inflamed gut?” [1], suggesting that functional gastrointestinal diseases might be often caused by slightly increased concentrations of inflammatory mediators interfering with the enteric nervous system. Given that 53 herbal drugs have been rated for the therapy of gastrointestinal disorders by the HMPC of the EMA, the question comes up whether anti-inflammatory effects could be their common denominator. Methods: In order to pursue this assumption, database research [Medline] on anti-inflammatory effects of these and further herbal products was carried out.

Results For all these herbal products, anti-inflammatory properties could be identified. In contrast to the NSAIDs, herbal products have been shown to have protective effects on the mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract, associated with an increase of mucosa protective prostaglandins [2] [3] [4], as well in in vitro as in vivo models. Conclusions: Herbal drugs and preparations used in functional gastroenterological disorders have anti-inflammatory properties that can counteract functional disturbances.

Publication History

Article published online:
13 December 2021

• References

• 1 Collins SM. 1992 Scand J Gastroenterol Suppl 192:102-5
• 2 Michael et al. Phytomedicine. 2009, 2-3 :161-71.
• 3 Kinscherf et al. Phytomedicine 2013, 20:691-8.
• 4 Khayyal et al. Phytomedicine 2006, 13 SV, 56-66