RSS-Feed abonnieren
Bitte kopieren Sie die angezeigte URL und fügen sie dann in Ihren RSS-Reader ein.
https://www.thieme-connect.de/rss/thieme/de/10.1055-s-00051518.xml
PDF herunterladen
CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · European Journal of General Dentistry 2021; 10(03): 176-182
DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1736380
DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1736380
Review Article
The Lip Repositioning Surgery: A Review of the Technique's Evolution
Abstract
The lip repositioning technique (LRT) is considered a safe and predictable gummy smile (GS) treatment. However, since Rubinstein and Kostianovsky introduced it in 1973, it has undergone several modifications. This article aims to review and provide a historical compilation of LRT evolution to help clinicians understand each technique's description and the rationale for its modifications to treat GS.
An electronic search was performed in Medline, Scopus, and Cochrane Library up to May 2021 including the terms “lip repositioning,” “lip repositioning technique,” or “lip repositioning surgery” and studies evaluating or discussing the original LRT's modifications in detail. The search had no language or time restrictions. Additionally, a hand-searching of references of all included articles was performed.
Modifications described in the literature include muscle severance, subperiosteal dissection of the gingiva, frenectomies, and the use of adjuvant products. They aim to minimize relapse, morbidity, and improve stability. Discomfort, scar formation, and pain were the most frequent complications reported. The choice to use a modification should be analyzed and customized to the individual patient's needs.
Publikationsverlauf
Artikel online veröffentlicht:
18. Oktober 2021
© 2021. European Journal of General Dentistry. This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commercial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)
Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Pvt. Ltd.
A-12, 2nd Floor, Sector 2, Noida-201301 UP, India
-
References
- 1 Springer NC, Chang C, Fields HW. et al. Smile esthetics from the layperson's perspective. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2011; 139 (01) e91-e101
- 2 Garber DA, Salama MA. The aesthetic smile: diagnosis and treatment. Periodontol 2000 1996; 11: 18-28
- 3 Kokich Jr VO, Kiyak HA, Shapiro PA. Comparing the perception of dentists and lay people to altered dental esthetics. J Esthet Dent 1999; 11 (06) 311-324
- 4 Litton C, Fournier P. Simple surgical correction of the gummy smile. Plast Reconstr Surg 1979; 63 (03) 372-373
- 5 Miskinyar SA. A new method for correcting a gummy smile. Plast Reconstr Surg 1983; 72 (03) 397-400
- 6 Guo J, Gong H, Tian W, Tang W, Bai D. Alteration of gingival exposure and its aesthetic effect. J Craniofac Surg 2011; 22 (03) 909-913
- 7 Ayyildiz E, Tan E, Keklik H, Demirtag Z, Celebi AA, Pithon MM. Esthetic impact of gingival plastic surgery from the dentistry students' perspective. Eur J Dent 2016; 10 (03) 397-402
- 8 Al-Habahbeh R, Al-Shammout R, Al-Jabrah O, Al-Omari F. The effect of gender on tooth and gingival display in the anterior region at rest and during smiling. Eur J Esthet Dent 2009; 4 (04) 382-395
- 9 Peck S, Peck L, Kataja M. Some vertical lineaments of lip position. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1992; 101 (06) 519-524
- 10 Elhiny O. Prevalence of gummy smile in a sample of Egyptian population and laymen perception of its attractiveness. Egypt Orthod J 2014; 45: 35-42
- 11 Tjan AH, Miller GD, The JG. Some esthetic factors in a smile. J Prosthet Dent 1984; 51 (01) 24-28
- 12 Monaco A, Streni O, Marci MC, Marzo G, Gatto R, Giannoni M. Gummy smile: clinical parameters useful for diagnosis and therapeutical approach. J Clin Pediatr Dent 2004; 29 (01) 19-25
- 13 Silberberg N, Goldstein M, Smidt A. Excessive gingival display–etiology, diagnosis, and treatment modalities. Quintessence Int 2009; 40 (10) 809-818
- 14 Bhola M, Fairbairn PJ, Kolhatkar S, Chu SJ, Morris T, de Campos M. LipStaT: the lip stabilization technique-indications and guidelines for case selection and classification of excessive gingival display. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent 2015; 35 (04) 549-559
- 15 Andijani RI, Tatakis DN. Hypermobile upper lip is highly prevalent among patients seeking treatment for gummy smile. J Periodontol 2019; 90 (03) 256-262
- 16 Paik CH, Park HS, Ahn HW. Treatment of vertical maxillary excess without open bite in a skeletal Class II hyperdivergent patient. Angle Orthod 2017; 87 (04) 625-633
- 17 Tomaz AFG, Marinho LCN, de Aquino Martins ARL, Lins RDAU, de Vasconcelos Gurgel BC. Impact of orthognathic surgery on the treatment of gummy smile: an integrative review. Oral Maxillofac Surg 2020; 24 (03) 283-288
- 18 Kostianovsky AS, Rubinstein AM. The “unpleasant” smile. Aesthetic Plast Surg 1976; 1 (01) 161-166
- 19 Dym H, Pierre II R. Diagnosis and treatment approaches to a “gummy smile”. Dent Clin North Am 2020; 64 (02) 341-349
- 20 Dos Santos-Pereira SA, Cicareli ÁJ, Idalgo FA. et al. Effectiveness of lip repositioning surgeries in the treatment of excessive gingival display: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Esthet Restor Dent 2021; 33 (03) 446-457
- 21 Alammar AM, Heshmeh OA. Lip repositioning with a myotomy of the elevator muscles for the management of a gummy smile. Dent Med Probl 2018; 55 (03) 241-246
- 22 Silva CO, Ribeiro-Júnior NV, Campos TV, Rodrigues JG, Tatakis DN. Excessive gingival display: treatment by a modified lip repositioning technique. J Clin Periodontol 2013; 40 (03) 260-265
- 23 Ribeiro-Júnior NV, Campos TV, Rodrigues JG, Martins TM, Silva CO. Treatment of excessive gingival display using a modified lip repositioning technique. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent 2013; 33 (03) 309-314
- 24 Alammar A, Heshmeh O, Mounajjed R, Goodson M, Hamadah O. A comparison between modified and conventional surgical techniques for surgical lip repositioning in the management of the gummy smile. J Esthet Restor Dent 2018; 30 (06) 523-531
- 25 Rubinstein AM, Kostianovsky AS. Cirugia estetica de la malformacion de la sonrisa. Pren Med Argent 1973; 60: 952
- 26 Chacon G. Modified lip-repositioning technique for the treatment of gummy smile. Int J Esthet Dent 2020; 15 (04) 474-488
- 27 Zardawi FM, Gul SS, Fatih MT, Hama BJ. Surgical procedures reducing excessive gingival display in gummy smile patients with various etiologic backgrounds. Clinic Adv Periodontics 2020; 10 (03) 130-134
- 28 Aly LA, Hammouda NI. Botox as an adjunct to lip repositioning for the management of excessive gingival display in the presence of hypermobility of upper lip and vertical maxillary excess. Dent Res J (Isfahan) 2016; 13 (06) 478-483
- 29 Abdullah WA, Khalil HS, Alhindi MM, Marzook H. Modifying gummy smile: a minimally invasive approach. J Contemp Dent Pract 2014; 15 (06) 821-826
- 30 Littuma GJS, de Souza HCM, Peñarrieta GM, Magini RS, Saba-Chujfi E. Lip repositioning technique with smile elevator muscle containment - a novel cosmetic approach for gummy smile: case report. Compend Contin Educ Dent 2017; 38 (10) e9-e12
- 31 Jacobs PJ, Jacobs BP. Lip repositioning with reversible trial for the management of excessive gingival display: a case series. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent 2013; 33 (02) 169-175
- 32 Torabi A, Najafi B, Drew HJ, Cappetta EG. Lip repositioning with vestibular shallowing technique for treatment of excessive gingival display with various etiologies. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent 2018; 38 (Suppl): e1-e8
- 33 Tawfik OK, Naiem SN, Tawfik LK. et al. Lip repositioning with or without myotomy: a randomized clinical trial. J Periodontol 2018; 89 (07) 815-823
- 34 Duruel O, Erduran NE, Tözüm TF. A modification for treatment of excessive gingival display: tooth-based lip-repositioning technique. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent 2020; 40 (03) 457-461
- 35 Vergara-Buenaventura A, Mayta-Tovalino F, Correa A, Breen E, Mendoza-Azpur G. Predictability in lip repositioning with botulinum toxin for gummy smile treatment: a 3-year follow-up case series. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent 2020; 40 (05) 703-709
- 36 Rosenblatt A, Simon Z. Lip repositioning for reduction of excessive gingival display: a clinical report. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent 2006; 26 (05) 433-437
- 37 Ishida LH, Ishida LC, Ishida J, Grynglas J, Alonso N, Ferreira MC. Myotomy of the levator labii superioris muscle and lip repositioning: a combined approach for the correction of gummy smile. Plast Reconstr Surg 2010; 126 (03) 1014-1019
- 38 Ellenbogen R, Swara N. The improvement of the gummy smile using the implant spacer technique. Ann Plast Surg 1984; 12 (01) 16-24
- 39 Arcuri T, da Costa MFP, Ribeiro IM, Barreto BDJ, Lyra eSilva JP. Labial repositioning using polymethylmethracylate (PMMA)-based cement for esthetic smile rehabilitation-a case report. Int J Surg Case Rep 2018; 49: 194-204
- 40 Mantovani MB, Souza EC, Marson FC, Corrêa GO, Progiante PS, Silva CO. Use of modified lip repositioning technique associated with esthetic crown lengthening for treatment of excessive gingival display: a case report of multiple etiologies. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2016; 20 (01) 82-87
- 41 Sánchez IM, Gaud-Quintana S, Stern JK. Modified lip repositioning with esthetic crown lengthening: a combined approach to treating excessive gingival display. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent 2017; 37 (01) e130-e134
- 42 Bhimani RA, Sofia ND. Lip repositioning, aesthetic crown lengthening, and gingival depigmentation: a combined approach for a gummy smile makeover. J Cutan Aesthet Surg 2019; 12 (04) 240-243
- 43 Boeira PO, De Rossi A, Caporossi LS, Lima GDS. Periodontal esthetic surgery to improve a natural smile: report case with 2-year follow-up. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2020; 24 (01) 87-91
- 44 Simon Z, Rosenblatt A, Dorfman W. Eliminating a gummy smile with surgical lip repositioning. The Journal of Cosmetic Dentistry 2007; 23 (01) 102-109
- 45 Gibson MP, Tatakis DN. Treatment of gummy smile of multifactorial etiology: a case report. Clinic Adv Periodontics 2017; 7 (04) 167-173
- 46 Ahmed WM, Hans A, Verhaeghe TV, Nguyen C. Managing excessive gingival display using a digital workflow. J Prosthodont 2020; 29 (05) 443-447
- 47 Polo M. Botulinum toxin type A in the treatment of excessive gingival display. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2005; 127 (02) 214-218 , quiz 261