Effect of Eugenol on Streptococcus mutans Adhesion on NiTi Orthodontic Wires: In Vitro and In Vivo Conditions

Nassiba Fatene; Khadija Mounaji; Abdelaziz Soukri

doi:10.1055/s-0041-1736372

European Journal of General Dentistry, Table of Contents

CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · European Journal of General Dentistry 2021; 10(03): 151-157
DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1736372

Original Article

Effect of Eugenol on Streptococcus mutans Adhesion on NiTi Orthodontic Wires: In Vitro and In Vivo Conditions

Nassiba Fatene

¹Department of Biology, Physiopathology Molecular Genetics and Biotechnologies Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences Ain Chock, Center of Health & Biotechnology, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco

,

Khadija Mounaji

¹Department of Biology, Physiopathology Molecular Genetics and Biotechnologies Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences Ain Chock, Center of Health & Biotechnology, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco

,

Abdelaziz Soukri

¹Department of Biology, Physiopathology Molecular Genetics and Biotechnologies Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences Ain Chock, Center of Health & Biotechnology, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco

› Author Affiliations

Abstract

Objective The purpose of this study was to compare the antibacterial effect of two types of Eugenol against Streptococcus mutans and then assess the effect of different concentrations of two types of Eugenol on S. mutans adhesion on Nickel-Titanium (NiTi) orthodontic wires in comparison to in vivo wires with fluoride-based hygiene regimen.

Materials and Methods Culture of Streptococcus mutans with NiTi orthodontic wires was done. Different media were prepared by adding 100%, 50%, 25%, and 12.5% of two origins of Eugenol (one biological obtained by hydrodistillation of Syzygium aromaticum and one chemical already prepared available in drugstores for dental use (Idental, MOROCCO, lot number: UAN/17–211/1). Three sizes of NiTi wires (0.016 inch, 0.016 × 0.022 inch, 0.017 × 0.025 inch) were retrieved from adult patients undergoing orthodontic treatment after 1 month of setting them up in the mouth. After incubation, colony forming unites were calculated and a SEM analysis was done to the surface of each wire. ANOVA test was done between all groups to find statistical differences and post-hoc t-test with Bonferroni analysis was performed to elucidate differences between all groups with α = 0.05.

Results Eugenol has an anti-bacterial effect against S. mutans. The biological Eugenol has greater effect than the chemical one. The same observations were done for anti-adherent effect, the biological Eugenol demonstrated the highest anti-adherent effect at all concentrations while the effect of the chemical Eugenol was the lowest.

Conclusions The origin and the extraction mode of Eugenol have a crucial role in its antimicrobial and anti-adherent effect. Eugenol might constitute an alternative to Fluoride because it has an anti-adherent effect, limiting the incidence of white spot lesions.

Keywords

Nickel-Titanium - Streptococcus mutans - bacterial adhesion - Eugenol - Orthodontic wires

Full Text

References

References
1 Mirjalili M, Momeni M, Ebrahimi N, Moayed MH. Comparative study on corrosion behaviour of Nitinol and stainless steel orthodontic wires in simulated saliva solution in presence of fluoride ions. Mater Sci Eng C 2013; 33 (04) 2084-2093
2 Proffit WR, Fields HW, Sarver DM. Contemporary Orthodontics. 5th ed.. Mosby Elsevier; 2007
3 Shabalovskaya SA. On the nature of the biocompatibility and on medical applications of NiTi shape memory and superelastic alloys. Biomed Mater Eng 1996; 6 (04) 267-289
4 Mei L, Busscher HJ, van der Mei HC, Ren Y. Influence of surface roughness on streptococcal adhesion forces to composite resins. Dent Mater 2011; 27 (08) 770-778
5 Lee H-J, Park H-S, Kim K-H, Kwon T-Y, Hong S-H. Effect of garlic on bacterial biofilm formation on orthodontic wire. Angle Orthod 2011; 81 (05) 895-900
6 Lucchese A, Bondemark L, Marcolina M, Manuelli M. Changes in oral microbiota due to orthodontic appliances: a systematic review. J Oral Microbiol 2018; 10 (01) 1476645
7 Lee SP, Lee SJ, Lim BS, Ahn SJ. Surface characteristics of orthodontic materials and their effects on adhesion of mutans streptococci. Angle Orthod 2009; 79 (02) 353-360
8 Kwon TY, Hong SH, Kim YK, Kim KH. Antibacterial effects of 4-META/MMA-TBB resin containing chlorhexidine. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2010; 92 (02) 561-567
9 Heymann GC, Grauer D. A contemporary review of white spot lesions in orthodontics. J Esthet Restor Dent 2013; 25 (02) 85-95
10 Lee T-H, Wang C-C, Huang T-K, Chen L-K, Chou M-Y, Huang H-H. Corrosion resistance of titanium-containing dental orthodontic wires in fluoride-containing artificial saliva. Alloys Compd. 2009; 488: 482-489
11 Gorelick L, Geiger AM, Gwinnett AJ. Incidence of white spot formation after bonding and banding. Am J Orthod 1982; 81 (02) 93-98
12 Artun J, Brobakken BO. Prevalence of carious white spots after orthodontic treatment with multibonded appliances. Eur J Orthod 1986; 8 (04) 229-234
13 Mandava K, Batchu UR, Kakulavaram S. et al. Design and study of anticaries effect of different medicinal plants against S.mutans glucosyltransferase. BMC Complement Altern Med 2019; 19 (01) 197
14 Walsh SE, Maillard JY, Russell AD, Catrenich CE, Charbonneau DL, Bartolo RG. Activity and mechanisms of action of selected biocidal agents on Gram-positive and -negative bacteria. J Appl Microbiol 2003; 94 (02) 240-247
15 Chami N, Bennis S, Chami F, Aboussekhra A, Remmal A. Study of anticandidal activity of carvacrol and eugenol in vitro and in vivo. Oral Microbiol Immunol 2005; 20 (02) 106-111
16 Yeon KY, Chung G, Kim YH. et al. Eugenol reverses mechanical allodynia after peripheral nerve injury by inhibiting hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels. Pain 2011; 152 (09) 2108-2116
17 Frisch J, Bhaskar SN. Tissue response to eugenol-containing periodontal dressings. J Periodontol 1967; 38 (05) 402-408
18 Fatene N. et al. Assessement of the electrochemical behavior of Nickel-Titanium based orthodontic wires: effect of different solutions in comparison to fluoride. J Clin Exp Dent 2019; 11 (05) e414-e420
19 Yang IH, Lim BS, Park JR, Hyun JY, Ahn SJ. Effect of orthodontic bonding steps on the initial adhesion of mutans streptococci in the presence of saliva. Angle Orthod 2011; 81 (02) 326-333
20 Xu J-S, Li Y, Cao X, Cui Y. The effect of eugenol on the cariogenic properties of Streptococcus mutans and dental caries development in rats. Exp Ther Med 2013; 5 (06) 1667-1670
21 Yasin P, Wanachantararuk P, Jidaphatinoi J, Dumri K. Antimicrobial activity of some Thai aromatic plants against oral pathogens including halitosis. Asian J Pharm Clin Res 2019; 12 (01) 465-468
22 Sofrata A, Santangelo EM, Azeem M, Borg-Karlson AK, Gustafsson A, Pütsep K. Benzyl isothiocyanate, a major component from the roots of Salvadora persica is highly active against Gram-negative bacteria. PLoS One 2011; 6 (08) e23045
23 Sinha DJ, Sinha AA. Natural medicaments in dentistry. Ayu 2014; 35 (02) 113-118
24 Amorati R, Foti MC, Valgimigli L. Antioxidant activity of essential oils. J Agric Food Chem 2013; 61 (46) 10835-10847
25 Jafri H, Banerjee G, Khan MSA, Ahmad I, Abulreesh HH, Althubiani AS. Synergistic interaction of eugenol and antimicrobial drugs in eradication of single and mixed biofilms of Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans. AMB Express 2020; 10 (01) 185
26 Xu J-G, Liu T, Hu Q-P, Cao X-M. Chemical composition, antibacterial properties and mechanism of action of essential oil from clove buds against Staphylococcus aureus . Molecules 2016; 21 (09) 1194
27 Karadağlıoğlu Öİ, Ulusoy N, Başer KHC, Hanoğlu A, Şık İ. Antibacterial activities of herbal toothpastes combined with essential oils against Streptococcus mutans . Pathogens 2019; 8 (01) 20
28 Gross EL, Leys EJ, Gasparovich SR. et al. Bacterial 16S sequence analysis of severe caries in young permanent teeth. J Clin Microbiol 2010; 48 (11) 4121-4128
29 Rammohan SN, Juvvadi SR, Gandikota CS, Challa P, Manne R, Mathur A. Adherence of Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans to different bracket materials. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2012; 4 (Suppl. 02) S212-S216
30 Vermaire JH, van Loveren C, Brouwer WB, Krol M. Value for money: economic evaluation of two different caries prevention programmes compared with standard care in a randomized controlled trial. Caries Res 2014; 48 (03) 244-253
31 Costa MR, Silva VC, Miqui MN, Sakima T, Spolidorio DM, Cirelli JA. Efficacy of ultrasonic, electric and manual toothbrushes in patients with fixed orthodontic appliances. Angle Orthod 2007; 77 (02) 361-366
32 Vahid-Dastjerdi E, Sarmast Z, Abdolazimi Z, Mahboubi A, Amdjadi P, Kamalinejad M. Effect of Rhus coriaria L. water extract on five common oral bacteria and bacterial biofilm formation on orthodontic wire. Iran J Microbiol 2014; 6 (04) 269-275