Estimation of Sexual Dimorphism of the Mandible in Coastal Karnataka and Kerala Populations using Cone Beam Computed Tomography

Kumuda Rao; Mahabalesh Shetty; U. S. Krishna Nayak; G. Subhas Babu; D. Prashanth Shetty; Prajwal K. Shetty

doi:10.1055/s-0041-1736270

Journal of Health and Allied Sciences NU, Table of Contents

CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · Journal of Health and Allied Sciences NU 2022; 12(02): 106-112
DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1736270

Original Article

Estimation of Sexual Dimorphism of the Mandible in Coastal Karnataka and Kerala Populations using Cone Beam Computed Tomography

Kumuda Rao

¹Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, AB Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangalore, Karnataka, India

,

Mahabalesh Shetty

²Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, KS Hegde Medical Academy, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangalore, Karnataka, India

,

U. S. Krishna Nayak

³AB Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangalore, Karnataka, India

,

G. Subhas Babu

¹Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, AB Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangalore, Karnataka, India

,

D. Prashanth Shetty

⁴Department of Reproductive and Molecular Biology, KS Hegde Medical Academy, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangalore, Karnataka, India

,

Prajwal K. Shetty

⁵Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, AB Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangalore, Karnataka, India

› Author Affiliations

Abstract

Objective The mandible has been used for sex determination and forensic identification due to its unique anatomy and morphology. Every part of the mandible is unique, including the shape and size of the temperomandibular joint, the ramus, the body and the symphysis region, and the inferior alveolar canal. In addition, the position and placement of the teeth within their sockets are unique for every individual.

Sample Population A study was conducted on 20 males and females to estimate sexual dimorphism using anthropometric measurements obtained by cone beam computed tomography images of the mandible of Karnataka and Kerala populations.

Materials and Methods The mean, standard deviation, and standard error along with the confidence interval of different measurements were documented. Various measurements between the sexes were compared using Student's t-test. Association between categorical variables was analyzed using the Chi-square test. A p-value < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Data were analyzed using statistical SPSS software.

Results The p-value of mRBr L, GA L, and GA R among females was significantly higher in the Karnataka population when compared with that in the Kerala population. The Karnataka State population showed significantly higher values of RL R, BiGBr, and BiCBr among males, and the p-value of the Kerala population for GGL L and GGL R was significant and higher among the males.

Conclusion The data derived from the above study suggest that the mandibular anthropometric measurements used may be applied for forensic sex estimation.

Keywords

sexual dimorphism - forensic facial reconstruction - morphometric measurements - cone beam computed tomography - mandible

Full Text

References

References
1 Baker FC, O'Brien LM, Armitage R. Sex differences and menstrual-related changes in sleep and circadian rhythms. In: Principles and Practice of Sleep Medicine. 5th ed.. St Louis: Saunders Elsevier; 2011: 1562-1571
2 Kharoshah MAA, Almadani O, Ghaleb SS, Zaki MK, Fattah YAA. Sexual dimorphism of the mandible in a modern Egyptian population. J Forensic Leg Med 2010; 17 (04) 213-215
3 Gamba TDO, Alves MC, Haiter-Neto F. Mandibular sexual dimorphism analysis in CBCT scans of a Brazilian population. J Forensic Radiol Imaging 2014; 2 (02) 104
4 İlgüy D, İlgüy M, Ersan N, Dölekoğlu S, Fişekçioğlu E. Measurements of the foramen magnum and mandible in relation to sex using CBCT. J Forensic Sci 2014; 59 (03) 601-605
5 Divakar DD, John J, Al Kheraif AA. et al. Sex determination using discriminant function analysis in indigenous (Kurubas) children and adolescents of Coorg, Karnataka, India: a lateral cephalometric study. Saudi J Biol Sci 2016; 23 (06) 782-788
6 Patil KR, Mody RN. Determination of sex by discriminant function analysis and stature by regression analysis: a lateral cephalometric study. Forensic Sci Int 2005; 147 (02) –03: 175-180
7 Kallalli BN, Rawson K, Ramaswamy VK, Zakarneh WHA, Singh A, Zingrade J. Sex determination of human mandible using metrical parameters by computed tomography: a prospective radiographic short study. J Indian Acad Oral Med Radiol 2016; 28(1): 7-10
8 Nourbakhsh R, Razi S, Razi T. Evaluation of relation of dimensional measurement of different anatomic skull structures to determine sexual dimorphism in cone beam CT images of an Iranian population. J Res Med Dent Sci 2018; 6 (03) 33-38
9 Rani SU, Rao GV, Kumar DR, Sravya T, Sivaranjani Y, Kumar MP. Age and gender assessment through three-dimensional morphometric analysis of maxillary sinus using magnetic resonance imaging. J Forensic Dent Sci 2017; 9 (01) 46
10 de Oliveira Gamba T, Alves MC, Haiter-Neto F. Analysis of sexual dimorphism by locating the mandibular canal in images of cone-beam computed tomography. J Forensic Radiol Imaging 2014; 2: 72-76
11 Gamba TdeO, Alves MC, Haiter-Neto F. Mandibular sexual dimorphism analysis in CBCT scans. J Forensic Leg Med 2016; 38: 106-110
12 Souto MF, Felippe MB, Gamba TO, Flores IL, de Castro Lopes SLP, Manhães Junior LRC. Cone-beam computed tomography: an accurate diagnostic tool in dental practice for evaluation of anatomic variations in maxillary bone septa. J Neuroinfect Dis. 2015 ;S1:002.
13 Yang F, Jacobs R, Willems G. Dental age estimation through volume matching of teeth imaged by cone-beam CT. Forensic Sci Int 2006; 159 (01, Suppl Suppl 1): S78-S83
14 Pinsky HM, Dyda S, Pinsky RW, Misch KA, Sarment DP. Accuracy of three-dimensional measurements using cone-beam CT. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2006; 35 (06) 410-416