CC BY 4.0 · VCOT Open 2021; 04(02): e92-e98
DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1735843
Original Article

Internet Survey of Participant Demographics and Risk Factors for Injury in Competitive Agility Dogs

Jennifer A. Evanow
1   Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, New York, United States
,
Gretchen VanDeventer
1   Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, New York, United States
,
Gina Dinallo
1   Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, New York, United States
,
Sabine Mann
2   Department of Population Medicine, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, New York, United States
,
1   Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, New York, United States
,
Joseph J Wakshlag
1   Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, New York, United States
› Author Affiliations
Funding The study was funded with internal grant monies from the Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine.

Abstract

Objective The aim of this study was to identify risk factors for an agility dog becoming injured during its career. We hypothesized that certain factors involved with the training, competition, age, sex, age of neuter, body condition, and management could be associated with the risk for injury.

Study Design The outcome of interest in this cross-sectional survey design was injury versus no injury, and an initial univariable analysis screening was performed. All variables with a p-value of less than 0.20 in univariable analysis were entered into a multivariable logistic regression model. Manual backward stepwise removal was performed until remaining variables had a p-value of less than 0.05.

Results Five-hundred responses were included in the analysis. In the final multivariable model adjusting for all other variables, breed, age, age at neuter, and level of competition remained associated with injury in the study population.

Conclusion These findings support existing literature on the predispositions for injury with certain breeds and competition level. Our study further suggests, however, that there is a need to better understand how health decisions earlier in life may affect the prevalence for injury in the agility competitor, particularly regarding age at neutering and age of the competitor.



Publication History

Received: 15 February 2021

Accepted: 18 June 2021

Article published online:
01 October 2021

© 2021. The Author(s). This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, permitting unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction so long as the original work is properly cited. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

Georg Thieme Verlag KG
Rüdigerstraße 14, 70469 Stuttgart, Germany

 
  • References

  • 1 American Kennel Club (AKC). Agility [home page on internet] 2020. Accessed July 16, 2021 from. https://www.akc.org/sports/agility/
  • 2 Levy M, Hall C, Trentacosta N, Percival M. A preliminary retrospective survey of injuries occurring in dogs participating in canine agility. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2009; 22 (04) 321-324
  • 3 von Pfeil DJ, Liska WD, Nelson Jr S, Mann S, Wakshlag JJ. A survey on orthopedic injuries during a marathon sled dog race. Vet Med (Auckl) 2015; 6: 329-339
  • 4 Sicard GK, Short K, Manley PA. A survey of injuries at five greyhound racing tracks. J Small Anim Pract 1999; 40 (09) 428-432
  • 5 Cullen KL, Dickey JP, Bent LR, Thomason JJ, Moëns NM. Survey-based analysis of risk factors for injury among dogs participating in agility training and competition events. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2013; 243 (07) 1019-1024
  • 6 Cullen KL, Dickey JP, Bent LR, Thomason JJ, Moëns NM. Internet-based survey of the nature and perceived causes of injury to dogs participating in agility training and competition events. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2013; 243 (07) 1010-1018
  • 7 Sellon DC, Martucci K, Wenz JR, Marcellin-Little DJ, Powers M, Cullen KL. A survey of risk factors for digit injuries among dogs training and competing in agility events. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2018; 252 (01) 75-83
  • 8 Carlisle LD, Memili E, Linford RL, Slater KA, Nicodemus MC. Relationship between gait mechanics and the speed of the trot in the Weimaraner dog breed. Top Companion Anim Med 2019; 35: 26-30
  • 9 Carr BJ, Canapp Jr SO, Zink MC. Quantitative comparison of the walk and trot of border collies and Labrador Retrievers, breeds with different performance requirements. PLoS One 2015; 10 (12) e0145396
  • 10 Lafuente P, Whyle C. A retrospective survey of injuries occurring in dogs and handlers participating in canicross. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2018; 31 (05) 332-338
  • 11 Riggs CM, DeCamp CE, Soutas-Little RW, Braden TD, Richter MA. Effects of subject velocity on force plate-measured ground reaction forces in healthy greyhounds at the trot. Am J Vet Res 1993; 54 (09) 1523-1526
  • 12 Voss K, Galeandro L, Wiestner T, Haessig M, Montavon PM. Relationships of body weight, body size, subject velocity, and vertical ground reaction forces in trotting dogs. Vet Surg 2010; 39 (07) 863-869
  • 13 Montalbano C, Gamble LJ, Walden K. et al. Internet survey of participant demographics and risk factors for injury in flyball dogs. Front Vet Sci 2019; 6: 391
  • 14 Buckwalter JA, Woo SL, Goldberg VM. et al. Soft-tissue aging and musculoskeletal function. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1993; 75 (10) 1533-1548
  • 15 Dressler MR, Butler DL, Wenstrup R, Awad HA, Smith F, Boivin GP. A potential mechanism for age-related declines in patellar tendon biomechanics. J Orthop Res 2002; 20 (06) 1315-1322
  • 16 Chen AL, Mears SC, Hawkins RJ. Orthopaedic care of the aging athlete. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 2005; 13 (06) 407-416
  • 17 Garrett Jr WE. Muscle strain injuries. Am J Sports Med 1996; 24 (6, Suppl): S2-S8
  • 18 Appelgrein C, Glyde MR, Hosgood G, Dempsey AR, Wickham S. Reduction of the A-frame angle of incline does not change the maximum carpal joint extension angle in agility dogs entering the A-frame. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2018; 31 (02) 77-82
  • 19 Pfau T, Garland de Rivaz A, Brighton S, Weller R. Kinetics of jump landing in agility dogs. Vet J 2011; 190 (02) 278-283
  • 20 Spain CV, Scarlett JM, Houpt KA. Long-term risks and benefits of early-age gonadectomy in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2004; 224 (03) 380-387
  • 21 Duerr FM, Duncan CG, Savicky RS, Park RD, Egger EL, Palmer RH. Risk factors for excessive tibial plateau angle in large-breed dogs with cranial cruciate ligament disease. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2007; 231 (11) 1688-1691
  • 22 Simpson M, Albright S, Wolfe B. et al. Age at gonadectomy and risk of overweight/obesity and orthopedic injury in a cohort of Golden Retrievers. PLoS One 2019; 14 (07) e0209131
  • 23 Torres de la Riva G, Hart BL, Farver TB. et al. Neutering dogs: effects on joint disorders and cancers in golden retrievers. PLoS One 2013; 8 (02) e55937