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CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · Indian J Med Paediatr Oncol 2021; 42(02): 118
DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1735366
Abstract

Significance of Detecting Minimal Residual Disease by Flow Cytometry and its Impact on Overall Survival and Prognosis of Pediatric B-Cell ALL Patient Experience from a Tertiary Care Centre in Eastern India

Kalyan K. Mukherjee
1   Department of Medical Oncology and Department of Clinical and Translational Research, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
,
Debasish Banerjee
2   Department of Haematology, Vivekananda Institute of Medical Science, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
,
Anjan Das
3   Department of Pathology, Coochbehar Behar Medical College, Coochbehar, West Bengal, India
,
Subham Halder
4   Department of Medical Oncology, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
,
Dattatreya Mukherjee
5   Dattatreya Mukherjee, Intern Training, International School, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, P.R China
,
Shyam S. Mondal
6   Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
,
Surya K. Roy
7   Department of Clinical Research, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
,
Mili Das
7   Department of Clinical Research, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
,
Chinmay K. Panda
8   Chinmay Kumar Panda, Department of Oncogene Regulation, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
,
Utpal Chaudhuri
9   Utpal Chaudhuri, Ex-Director, IIHTM, Calcutta Medical College, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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Abstract

Introduction The improved prognosis of pediatric B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (pBALL) is considered as a good progress of medical science in the field of oncology and hematology. Minimal residual disease (MRD) refers to presence of disease in molecular level is a newer practice with respect to the detection of complete remission by conventional pathologic analysis. Prognostic value of MRD in pediatric ALL (p-ALL) is well known.

Objectives This study was aimed to describe clinical outcomes and prognosis, that is, overall survival and relapse in the patients with pBALL with respect to minimal residual disease detection on day 15, day 29, and postconsolidations in a tertiary care center in eastern India.

Materials and Methods Eight color flow cytometry was used to detect MRD in this study. This contained markers such as CD 19, CD 34, CD 10, CD58, CD 45, CD13, anti-TDT, CD33. Eight panels included were (1) CMPO-FITC/cCD79a-PE/cCd3ECD, (2) CD20-FITC/cCD10-PE/cCd-19ECD, (3) CD34-FITC/cCD117-PE/cCd45 ECD/CD2 PC 5, (4) CD15 FITC/CD33PE/CD45ECD, (5) CD14 FITC/CD13 PE/CD45ECD, (6) HLADR FITC/CD7 PE/CD45 ECD, (7) TdT FITC/CD45 ECD (IF CD34 NEG), and (8) CD58 FITC/CD 45 ECD (IF BOTH CD34 AND TdT NEG; were used to prepare the marker.

Results The study included 52 patients. In the 52 patients, 59.6% patients are alive with a p-value of 0.031. MRD was checked on every 15th and the 29th day and postconsolidation of the treatment where in day 15 (p = 0.023), it was 53.4% positive and 46.5% negative. On day 29 (p = 0.031), MRD was 22.5% positive and 77.5% negative, in post consolidation, it was positive in 20% and negative is 80%. MRD value below 0.01 is taken as negative and above is taken as positive. The overall survival (OS) is of 32.88 + 8.59 with a 6 to 36 months of duration. In In relapsed cases, no hemorrhagic relapse was found and two CNS relapse were found.

Conclusion It was a study of 52 patients of pBALL with a detection of MRD by FCM. MRD-negative patients had a good prognosis and comparatively lower rate of relapse than the one with positive MRD. Effort should be made to adhere to recommendation of MRD testing in clinical guidelines.

Keywords

pediatric ALL - MRD - flow cytometry - clinical outcomes - prognosis - overall survival


Publication History

Article published online:
13 August 2021

© 2021. Indian Society of Medical and Paediatric Oncology. This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial-License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commercial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

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