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Thromb Haemost 2022; 122(05): 796-807
DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1735194
Stroke, Systemic or Venous Thromboembolism

Apixaban and Dalteparin for the Treatment of Venous Thromboembolism in Patients with Different Sites of Cancer

Giancarlo Agnelli
1   Internal Vascular and Emergency Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
,
Andrés Muñoz
2   Medical Oncology Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
,
Laura Franco
1   Internal Vascular and Emergency Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
,
Isabelle Mahé 
3   Department of Internal Medicine, Hôpital Louis Mourier, University Paris 7, Colombes, France
,
Benjamin Brenner
4   Department of Hematology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
,
Jean M. Connors
5   Hematology Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
,
Gualberto Gussoni
6   Federazione delle Associazioni dei Dirigenti Ospedalieri Internisti (FADOI) Research Center, Milan, Italy
,
Eva N. Hamulyak
7   Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
,
Catherine Lambert
8   Haemostasis and Thrombosis Unit, Division of Hematology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
,
Maria Rosales Suero
9   Surgical Oncology Department, Institut Português Oncologie, Porto FG, EPE, Porto, Portugal
,
Rupert Bauersachs 
10   Department of Vascular Medicine, Klinikum Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
,
Adam Torbicki
11   Department of Pulmonary Circulation, Thromboembolic Diseases and Cardiology, Center for Postgraduate Medical Education, ECZ-Otwock, Poland
,
Cecilia Becattini
1   Internal Vascular and Emergency Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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Abstract

Efficacy and safety of anticoagulant treatment for venous thromboembolism (VTE) may vary in patients with different cancer sites. We evaluated the rates of VTE recurrence and major bleeding and the relative efficacy and safety of 6-month treatment with oral apixaban or subcutaneous dalteparin in patients with different cancer sites randomized in the Caravaggio study. Primary cancer was located at gastrointestinal sites in 375 patients (32.5%), lung in 200 (17.3%), breast in 155 (13.4%), genitourinary sites in 139 (12%), gynecological sites in 119 (10.3%), and was hematological in 85 patients (7.4%). Rates of VTE recurrence were 10.9% in patients with gynecological, 8.8% with gastrointestinal, 6.5% with genitourinary, and 5.5% with lung cancer with lower rates in the other sites of cancer. Rates of major bleeding were 7.2% in patients with genitourinary and 4.8% with gastrointestinal cancer, with lower rates in patients with other sites of cancer. The observed absolute risk difference in VTE recurrence in favor of apixaban was 11.9% in patients with gynecological, 5.5% with lung, 3.7% with genitourinary cancer, and 0.6% with gastrointestinal cancer. None of the risk differences was statistically significant. The rates of major bleeding in patients treated with apixaban or dalteparin was similar across patients with different cancer sites. In conclusion, recurrences appear to be more common in patients with gastrointestinal and gynecological cancer and major bleedings in patients with genitourinary and gastrointestinal cancer. Oral apixaban is a valid oral alternative to subcutaneous dalteparin for the treatment of a large spectrum of patients with cancer-associated VTE.

Keywords

venous thromboembolism - cancer - apixaban - dalteparin

Supplementary Material



Publikationsverlauf

Eingereicht: 14. Mai 2021

Angenommen: 13. Juli 2021

Artikel online veröffentlicht:
16. September 2021

© 2021. Thieme. All rights reserved.

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Rüdigerstraße 14, 70469 Stuttgart, Germany

 

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