Subscribe to RSS
DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1731859
The Great Breast Cancer Screening Conundrum
Breast cancer screening is a vital health care program delivered at a primary care level. Mammography is often considered synonymous with breast cancer screening. In this viewpoint, we will discuss the fundamental principles of a screening program, the evidence for screening mammography in preventive health care, and critically appraise the utility of a breast cancer screening program in a low-middle income country (LMIC) such as India.
Publication History
Article published online:
26 November 2021
© 2021. Indian Society of Medical and Paediatric Oncology. This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial-License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commercial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Private Ltd.
A-12, Second Floor, Sector -2, NOIDA -201301, India
-
References
- 1 Sawaya GF. Cervical-cancer screening–new guidelines and the balance between benefits and harms. N Engl J Med 2009; 361 (26) 2503-2505
- 2 Hofvind S, Organised Mammographic Screening-More Benefits Than Harms Tidsskrift Den Norske Legeforening; 2013 Mar 19;133(6):619-20. English, Norwegian. doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.12.0911. PMID: 23552154.
- 3 Independent UK Panel on Breast Cancer Screening. The benefits and harms of breast cancer screening: an independent review. Lancet 2012; 380 (9855) 1778-1786
- 4 Oeffinger KC, Fontham ET, Etzioni R. et al American Cancer Society. Breast cancer screening for women at average risk: 2015 guideline update from the American Cancer Society. JAMA 2015; 314 (15) 1599-1614
- 5 Törnberg S, Kemetli L, Ascunce N. et al A pooled analysis of interval cancer rates in six European countries. Eur J Cancer Prev 2010; 19 (02) 87-93
- 6 Løberg M, Lousdal ML, Bretthauer M, Kalager M. Benefits and harms of mammography screening. Breast Cancer Res 2015; 17 (01) 63
- 7 Berry DA, Cronin KA, Plevritis SK. et al Cancer Intervention and Surveillance Modeling Network (CISNET) Collaborators. Effect of screening and adjuvant therapy on mortality from breast cancer. N Engl J Med 2005; 353 (17) 1784-1792
- 8 Plevritis SK, Munoz D, Kurian AW. et al Association of screening and treatment with breast cancer mortality by molecular subtype in US women, 2000-2012. JAMA 2018; 319 (02) 154-164
- 9 Welch HG, Gorski DH, Albertsen PC. Trends in metastatic breast and prostate cancer—lessons in cancer dynamics. N Engl J Med 2015; 373 (18) 1685-1687
- 10 Bleyer A, Welch HG. Effect of three decades of screening mammography on breast-cancer incidence. N Engl J Med 2012; 367 (21) 1998-2005
- 11 Wyld L, Ingram CE. Screening of the population for breast cancer. Surgery 2007; 25 (06) 254-256
- 12 Lakoski SG, Eves ND, Douglas PS, Jones LW. Exercise rehabilitation in patients with cancer. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2012; 9 (05) 288-296
- 13 Patnaik JL, Byers T, DiGuiseppi C, Dabelea D, Denberg TD. Cardiovascular disease competes with breast cancer as the leading cause of death for older females diagnosed with breast cancer: a retrospective cohort study. Breast Cancer Res 2011; 13 (03) R64
- 14 Darby SC, Ewertz M, McGale P. et al Risk of ischemic heart disease in women after radiotherapy for breast cancer. N Engl J Med 2013; 368 (11) 987-998
- 15 Amir E, Seruga B, Niraula S, Carlsson L, Ocaña A. Toxicity of adjuvant endocrine therapy in postmenopausal breast cancer patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Natl Cancer Inst 2011; 103 (17) 1299-1309
- 16 Bulliard J-L, La Vecchia C, Levi F. Abolishing mammography screening programs?. Eur J Cancer Prev 2015; 24 (04) 334
- 17 Miller AB, Wall C, Baines CJ, Sun P, To T, Narod SA. Twenty five year follow-up for breast cancer incidence and mortality of the Canadian National Breast Screening Study: randomised screening trial. BMJ 2014; 348: g366
- 18 Gøtzsche PC, Hartling OJ, Nielsen M, Brodersen J, Jørgensen KJ. Breast screening: the facts–or maybe not. BMJ 2009; 338: b86
- 19 Bagcchi S. India launches plan for national cancer screening programme. BMJ 2016; 355: i5574
- 20 Sharma DC. Cancer data in India show new patterns. Lancet Oncol 2016; 17 (07) e272
- 21 Vanamail P. Epidemiological profile of female breast cancer in reproductive age-group and its association with maternal characteristics: A population-based observational study in India. Cancer 2019; 4: 28
- 22 Sandhu GS, Erqou S, Patterson H, Mathew A. Prevalence of triple-negative breast cancer in india: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Glob Oncol 2016; 2 (06) 412-421
- 23 Holm J, Humphreys K, Li J. et al Risk factors and tumor characteristics of interval cancers by mammographic density. J Clin Oncol 2015; 33 (09) 1030-1037
- 24 J, Junger G. Principles and practice of screening for disease. Geneva: World Health Organization; 1968 (https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/37650/WHO_PHP_ 34.pdf?sequence=17).
- 25 Sankaranarayanan R, Ramadas K, Thara S. et al Clinical breast examination: preliminary results from a cluster randomized controlled trial in India. J Natl Cancer Inst 2011; 103 (19) 1476-1480