CC BY 4.0 · Pharmaceutical Fronts 2021; 03(02): e56-e64
DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1731757
Original Article

A Novel Telescoped Kilogram-Scale Process for Preparation of Obeticholic Acid

Cheng-Wei Li
1   State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
2   Suzhou Zelgen Biopharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., Kunshan, People's Republic of China
,
Cai Wang
2   Suzhou Zelgen Biopharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., Kunshan, People's Republic of China
,
Chao Guo
2   Suzhou Zelgen Biopharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., Kunshan, People's Republic of China
,
Bin-Hua Lv
2   Suzhou Zelgen Biopharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., Kunshan, People's Republic of China
,
You-Fu Luo
1   State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
› Institutsangaben


Abstract

A novel scalable four-step process has been developed to improve the synthesis of obeticholic acid (OCA). The key step of this process was the isolation of the amide intermediate, which underwent hydrogenation, basic epimerization, ketone reduction, and amide hydrolysis in a one-pot procedure. The use of efficient single recrystallization for the final purification in this process made the corresponding work-up procedure more concise and environmentally friendly. A kilogram-scale production of OCA following this process could achieve over 70% yield with all impurities controlled below 0.10%.

Supplementary Material



Publikationsverlauf

Eingereicht: 19. April 2021

Angenommen: 03. Juni 2021

Artikel online veröffentlicht:
02. September 2021

© 2021. The Author(s). This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, permitting unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction so long as the original work is properly cited. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

Georg Thieme Verlag KG
Rüdigerstraße 14, 70469 Stuttgart, Germany

 
  • References

  • 1 Makishima M, Okamoto AY, Repa JJ. et al. Identification of a nuclear receptor for bile acids. Science 1999; 284 (5418): 1362-1365
  • 2 Wang H, Chen J, Hollister K, Sowers LC, Forman BM. Endogenous bile acids are ligands for the nuclear receptor FXR/BAR. Mol Cell 1999; 3 (05) 543-553
  • 3 FDA News Release. FDA approves Ocaliva for rare, chronic liver disease. Accessed April, 2021 at: https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-approves-ocaliva-rare-chronic-liver-disease
  • 4 Our Focus - Intercept Pharmaceuticals. Advanced fibrosis due to NASH puts patients at high risk of progressing to serious outcomes. Accessed April, 2021 at: https://www.interceptpharma.com/our-focus/nash/
  • 5 Pellicciari R, Fiorucci S, Camaioni E. et al. 6α-ethyl-chenodeoxycholic acid (6-ECDCA), a potent and selective FXR agonist endowed with anticholestatic activity. J Med Chem 2002; 45 (17) 3569-3572
  • 6 Pellicciari R. Steroids as agonists for FXR. WO Patent 2002/072598. September, 2002
  • 7 Pellicciari R, Costantino G, Camaioni E. et al. Bile acid derivatives as ligands of the farnesoid X receptor. Synthesis, evaluation, and structure-activity relationship of a series of body and side chain modified analogues of chenodeoxycholic acid. J Med Chem 2004; 47 (18) 4559-4569
  • 8 Shott LD, Borkovec AB, Knapp Jr WA. Toxicology of hexamethylphosphoric triamide in rats and rabbits. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1971; 18 (03) 499-506
  • 9 Steere NV. CXXX. Background information on hexamethylphosphoric triamide. J Chem Educ 1976; 53 (01) A12
  • 10 National Toxicology Program. Toxicology and carcinogenesis studies of bromoethane (ethyl bromide) (CAS No. 74-96-4) in F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice (inhalation studies). Natl Toxicol Program Tech Rep Ser 1989; 363: 1-186
  • 11 Yu D, Mattern DL, Forman BM. An improved synthesis of 6α-ethylchenodeoxycholic acid (6ECDCA), a potent and selective agonist for the Farnesoid X Receptor (FXR). Steroids 2012; 77 (13) 1335-1338
  • 12 He XL, Wang LT, Gu XZ, Xiao JX, Qiu WW. A facile synthesis of ursodeoxycholic acid and obeticholic acid from cholic acid. Steroids 2018; 140: 173-178
  • 13 Ignacio HS, Yolanda FS, Carlos CL, Alfonso PE, José Angel TH. Process and intermediates for the synthesis of obeticholic acid and derivatives thereof. EP patent 3431486 A1. January, 2019
  • 14 Ferrari M, Pellicciari R. Process for preparing 3α(β)-7α(β)-dihydroxy-6α(β)-alkyl-5β-cholanic acid. WO patent 2006122977 A2. November, 2006
  • 15 André S, Heidi W, Emilie J. et al. Preparation, uses and solid forms of obeticholic acid. WO patent 2013192097 A1. December, 2013
  • 16 Sepe V, Ummarino R, D'Auria MV. et al. Conicasterol E, a small heterodimer partner sparing farnesoid X receptor modulator endowed with a pregnane X receptor agonistic activity, from the marine sponge Theonella swinhoei. J Med Chem 2012; 55 (01) 84-93
  • 17 Zhang J, Yu JH, Ma SM, Xu XN, Xiao P. A method for preparing obeticholic acid and related compound. CN patent 106589039 A. April, 2017
  • 18 Zhang FY, Chen QY, Liu P. Method for preparing obetichloic acid. WO patent 2016045480 A1. March, 2016
  • 19 Zhang SJ, Wang S, Liu L, Tian WW. Method for manufacturing obeticholic acid and intermediate thereof. WO patent 2018010651 A1. January, 2018
  • 20 Mahender RS, Sanjiv T, Nilav P, Sudhir S, Sudharshan R, Dahval S. An improved process for preparation of obeticholic acid. WO patent 2018220513 A1, December, 2018
  • 21 Pellicciari R, Pruzanski M, Gioiello A. The discovery of obeticholic acid (Ocaliva™): first-in-class FXR agonist. In: Fischer J, Klein C, Childers WE. Successful Drug Discovery. 3rd ed.. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH; 2018: 197-244
  • 22 Alsina J, Barany G, Albericio F, Kates SA. Pyrrolidide formation as a side reaction during activation of carboxylic acids by phosphonium salt coupling reagents. Lett Pept Sci 1999; 6: 243-245
  • 23 Coste J, Le-Nguyen D, Castro B. PyBOP®: a new peptide coupling reagent devoid of toxic by-product. Tetrahedron Lett 1990; 31: 205-208
  • 24 Feng WD, Zhuo SM, Zhang FL. Process research and impurity control strategy for obeticholic acid, a farnesoid X receptor agonist. Org Process Res Dev 2019; 23: 1979-1989
  • 25 ICH. ICH Harmonised Tripartite Guideline: Impurities in New Drug Substances. Q3A(R2). 2006 . June 18, 2021. Accessed at: https://database.ich.org/sites/default/files/Q3A%28R2%29%20Guideline.pdf
  • 26 Lv B, Li CW, Guo C. Method for preparing chenodeoxycholic acid derivative. CN patent 111718388 A. September, 2020