Thromb Haemost 2022; 122(03): 456-469
DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1731663
Atherosclerosis and Ischaemic Disease

Endothelial Progenitor Cells Modulate the Phenotype of Smooth Muscle Cells and Increase Their Neointimal Accumulation Following Vascular Injury

Sebastian F. Mause
1   Department of Internal Medicine I, Cardiology, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
,
Elisabeth Ritzel
2   Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Klinikum Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
3   Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
,
Annika Deck
1   Department of Internal Medicine I, Cardiology, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
,
Felix Vogt
1   Department of Internal Medicine I, Cardiology, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
,
Elisa A. Liehn
1   Department of Internal Medicine I, Cardiology, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
3   Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
› Institutsangaben

Abstract

Background Smooth muscle cells (SMCs) are the main driver of neointima formation and restenosis following vascular injury. In animal models, endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) accelerate endothelial regeneration and reduce neointima formation after arterial injury; however, EPC-capture stents do not reduce target vessel failure compared with conventional stents. Here we examined the influence of EPCs on features of SMCs pivotal for their impact on injury-induced neointima formation including proliferation, migration, and phenotype switch.

Methods and Results EPCs, their conditioned medium, and EPC-derived microparticles induced proliferation of SMCs while limiting their apoptosis. In transwell membrane experiments and scratch assays, EPCs stimulated migration of SMCs and accelerated their recovery from scratch-induced injury. Treatment of SMCs with an EPC-derived conditioned medium or microparticles triggered transformation of SMCs toward a synthetic phenotype. However, co-cultivation of EPCs and SMCs enabling direct cell–cell contacts preserved their original phenotype and protected from the transformative effect of SMC cholesterol loading. Adhesion of EPCs to SMCs was stimulated by SMC injury and reduced by blocking CXCR2 and CCR5. Interaction of EPCs with SMCs modulated their secretory products and synergistically increased the release of selected chemokines. Following carotid wire injury in athymic mice, injection of EPCs resulted not only in reduced neointima formation but also in altered cellular composition of the neointima with augmented accumulation of SMCs.

Conclusion EPCs stimulate proliferation and migration of SMCs and increase their neointimal accumulation following vascular injury. Furthermore, EPCs context-dependently modify the SMC phenotype with protection from the transformative effect of cholesterol when a direct cell–cell contact is established.



Publikationsverlauf

Eingereicht: 13. Dezember 2020

Angenommen: 21. Mai 2021

Artikel online veröffentlicht:
02. Juli 2021

© 2021. Thieme. All rights reserved.

Georg Thieme Verlag KG
Rüdigerstraße 14, 70469 Stuttgart, Germany

 
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