Abstract
Introduction Multiple drug resistance emergences among bacteria at an alarming rate worldwide
are posing a serious threat to the treatment benefits that have been achieved with
antibiotics. This crisis is due to the inappropriate and overuse of existing antibiotics.
We evaluated the antimicrobial resistance pattern of Enterobacteriaceae pathogens isolated from intensive care units (ICUs), wards, and outpatient department
(OPD) patients.
Objectives The aim of the study is to determine the antimicrobial resistance pattern in bacteria
of Enterobacteriaceae family.
Material and Methods This is a retrospective study conducted at a tertiary care level-1 trauma center
in the capital city of India. We collected all the retrospective data of 5 years from
the laboratory information system software of the microbiology laboratory. The retrospective
data included patients’ details, samples detail, organism’s identification, and their
antimicrobial susceptibility testing, done by Vitek2 compact system and disk diffusion
test according to each year’s Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines.
This study included the interpretation of zone diameters and minimum inhibitory concentrations
of all isolates according to CLSI guidelines, 2018.
Results Among all the Enterobacteriaceae, Klebsiella spp. was the most commonly isolated pathogen, followed by Escherichia coli and Enterobacter spp. in ICUs and wards, while in OPD patients E. coli was the most commonly isolated pathogen, followed by Klebsiella spp. and Enterobacter spp. Enterobacteriaceae isolates remained resistant to all classes of cephalosporins in all settings. In
addition, β lactam and β-lactamase inhibitor remained less effective. Carbapenems
showed less resistance than quinolones and aminoglycosides. Among the different antimicrobial
agents, tigecycline proved most effective in all settings; however, it showed more
resistance than other studies.
Conclusion Tigecycline proved effective among different multidrug resistance bacteria. Multidrug
resistance in bacteria leads to prolonged hospital stays as well as makes the treatment
less cost effective. Proper and judicious use of antimicrobials is the need of the
hour.
Keywords
tigecycline - Vitek2 - disk diffusion -
Enterobacteriaceae
-
Klebsiella spp. -
Escherichia coli
- antibiotic resistance
