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Am J Perinatol 2023; 40(06): 638-645
DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1730363
Original Article

Associations of the Neighborhood Built Environment with Gestational Weight Gain

William A. Grobman
1   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
,
Emma G. Crenshaw
2   RTI International, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
,
Derek J. Marsh
2   RTI International, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
,
Rebecca B. McNeil
2   RTI International, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
,
Victoria L. Pemberton
3   Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
,
David M. Haas
4   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
,
Michelle Debbink
5   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
,
Brian M. Mercer
6   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The MetroHealth System, Cleveland, Ohio
,
Samuel Parry
7   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
,
Uma Reddy
8   Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
,
George Saade
9   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas
,
Hyagriv Simhan
10   Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Science, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Magee-Women's Research Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
,
Farhana Mukhtar
11   Department of Obstetrics-Gynecology, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, California
,
Deborah A. Wing
11   Department of Obstetrics-Gynecology, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, California
,
Kiarri N. Kershaw
12   Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
,
for the NICHD nuMoM2b NHLBI nuMoM2b Heart Health Study Networks › Institutsangaben Funding This work was supported by grants (cooperative agreements) from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development: U10-HL119991; U10-HL119989; U10-HL120034; U10-HL119990; U10-HL120006; U10-HL119992; U10-HL120019; U10-HL119993; and U10-HL120018. Support was also provided by the National Institutes of Health: Office of Disease Prevention; Office of Research on Women's Health; Office of Behavioral and Social Sciences Research; and the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences: UL-1-TR000124, UL-1-TR000153, UL-1-TR000439, and UL-1-TR001108. In addition, support was provided by respective Clinical and Translational Science Institutes to Indiana University (UL1TR001108) and University of California Irvine (UL1TR000153). The content of this article is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, the National Institutes of Health, or the Department of Health and Human Services.
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Abstract

Objective This study aimed to determine whether specific factors of the built environment related to physical activity and diet are associated with inadequate and excessive gestational weight gain (GWG).

Study Design This analysis is based on data from the Nulliparous Pregnancy Outcomes Study: Monitoring Mothers-To-Be, a prospective cohort of nulliparous women who were followed from the beginning of their pregnancies through delivery. At each study visit, home addresses were recorded and geocoded. Locations were linked to several built-environment characteristics such as the census tract National Walkability Score (the 2010 Walkability Index) and the number of gyms, parks, and grocery stores within a 3-km radius of residential address. The primary outcome of GWG (calculated as the difference between prepregnancy weight and weight at delivery) was categorized as inadequate, appropriate, or excessive based on weight gained per week of gestation. Multinomial regression (generalized logit) models evaluated the relationship between each factor in the built environment and excessive or inadequate GWG.

Results Of the 8,182 women in the analytic sample, 5,819 (71.1%) had excessive GWG, 1,426 (17.4%) had appropriate GWG, and 937 (11.5%) had inadequate GWG. For the majority of variables examined, built environments more conducive to physical activity and healthful food availability were associated with a lower odds of excessive or inadequate GWG category. For example, a higher number of gyms or parks within 3 km of a participant's residential address was associated with lower odds of having excessive (gyms: adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.93 [0.89–0.96], parks: 0.94 [0.90–0.98]) or inadequate GWG (gyms: 0.91 [0.86–0.96]; parks: 0.91 [0.86–0.97]). Similarly, a higher number of grocery stores was associated with lower odds of having excessive GWG (0.94 [0.91–0.97]).

Conclusion Among a diverse population of nulliparous women, multiple aspects of the built environment are associated with excessive and inadequate GWG.

Key Points

  • There are little data on the association between the built environment and pregnancy outcomes.

  • Multiple aspects of the built environment are associated with excessive and inadequate GWG.

  • These results suggest the role that neighborhood investment may play in improving pregnancy outcomes.

Keywords

neighborhood built environment - social determinants of health - gestational weight gain

Supplementary Material



Publikationsverlauf

Eingereicht: 09. April 2021

Angenommen: 12. April 2021

Artikel online veröffentlicht:
03. Juni 2021

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