CC BY 4.0 · TH Open 2021; 05(02): e211-e219
DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1730293
Original Article

Prognostic Value of Venous Thromboembolism Risk Assessment Models in Patients with Severe COVID-19

Luis H. Paz Rios
1   Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, NorthShore University Health System, Evanston, Illinois, United States
,
Iva Minga
1   Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, NorthShore University Health System, Evanston, Illinois, United States
,
Esther Kwak
2   Department of Medicine, NorthShore University Health System, Evanston, Illinois, United States
,
Ayman Najib
2   Department of Medicine, NorthShore University Health System, Evanston, Illinois, United States
,
Ashley Aller
2   Department of Medicine, NorthShore University Health System, Evanston, Illinois, United States
,
Elizabeth Lees
2   Department of Medicine, NorthShore University Health System, Evanston, Illinois, United States
,
Victor Macrinici
2   Department of Medicine, NorthShore University Health System, Evanston, Illinois, United States
,
Kaveh Rezaei Bookani
1   Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, NorthShore University Health System, Evanston, Illinois, United States
,
Amit Pursnani
1   Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, NorthShore University Health System, Evanston, Illinois, United States
,
Joseph Caprini
3   Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States
,
Alex C. Spyropoulos
4   Department of Medicine, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell Anticoagulation and Clinical Thrombosis Services, Northwell Health at Lenox Hill Hospital, NY, NY, United States
,
Alfonso Tafur
1   Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, NorthShore University Health System, Evanston, Illinois, United States
› Institutsangaben

Abstract

Introduction Severe novel corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) causes dysregulation of the coagulation system with arterial and venous thromboembolism (VTE). We hypothesize that validated VTE risk scores would have prognostic ability in this population.

Methods Retrospective observational cohort with severe COVID-19 performed in NorthShore University Health System. Patients were >18 years of age and met criteria for inpatient or intensive care unit (ICU) care. The International Medical Prevention Registry on Venous Thromboembolism (IMPROVE) and Caprini scores were calculated and patients were stratified.

Results This study includes 184 patients, mostly men (63.6%), Caucasian (54.3%), 63 years old (interquartile range [IQR]: 24–101), and 57.1% of them required ICU care. Twenty-seven (14.7%) thrombotic events occurred: 12 (6.5%) cases of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), 9 (4.9%) of pulmonary embolism, 5 (2.7%) of deep vein thrombosis, and 1 (0.5%) stroke. Among them, 86 patients (46.7%) died, 95 (51.6%) were discharged, and 3 (1.6%) were still hospitalized. “Moderate risk for VTE” and “High risk for VTE” by IMPROVE score had significant mortality association: (hazard ratio [HR]: 5.68; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.93–11.03; p < 0.001) and (HR = 6.22; 95% CI: 3.04–12.71; p < 0.001), respectively, with 87% sensitivity and 63% specificity (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.752, p < 0.001). “High Risk for VTE” by Caprini score had significant mortality association (HR = 17.6; 95% CI: 5.56–55.96; p < 0.001) with 96% sensitivity and 55% specificity (AUC = 0.843, p < 0.001). Both scores were associated with thrombotic events when classified as “High risk for VTE” by IMPROVE (HR = 6.50; 95% CI: 2.72–15.53; p < 0.001) and Caprini scores (HR = 11.507; 95% CI: 2.697–49.104; p = 0.001).

Conclusion The IMPROVE and Caprini risk scores were independent predictors of mortality and thrombotic events in severe COVID-19. With larger validation, this can be useful prognostic information.

Authors' Contributions

L.H.P.R, A.T., A.C.S., J.C., and A.P. conceived of the presented idea. L.H.P.R, I.M., E.K., A.N., A.A., E.L., V.M., and K.R.B. abstracted the patient data. L.H.P.R. lead the team and performed the statistical analysis. A.T. and A.C.S. verified the analytical methods and supervised the findings. All authors discussed the results and contributed to the final manuscript.




Publikationsverlauf

Eingereicht: 11. Februar 2021

Angenommen: 09. April 2021

Artikel online veröffentlicht:
22. Juni 2021

© 2021. The Author(s). This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, permitting unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction so long as the original work is properly cited. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

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