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CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · Indian J Radiol Imaging 2021; 31(01): 157-171
DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1729486
Pictorial Essay

A Step-by-Step Sonographic Approach to Vascular Anomalies in the Pediatric Population: A Pictorial Essay

Anushka Mittal
1  Department of Radio-Diagnosis, Lady Hardinge Medical College and Associated Hospitals, New Delhi, India
,
Rama Anand
1  Department of Radio-Diagnosis, Lady Hardinge Medical College and Associated Hospitals, New Delhi, India
,
Richa Gauba
1  Department of Radio-Diagnosis, Lady Hardinge Medical College and Associated Hospitals, New Delhi, India
,
Subhasis Roy Choudhury
2  Department of Pediatric Surgery, Lady Hardinge Medical College and Associated Hospitals, New Delhi, India
,
Pooja Abbey
1  Department of Radio-Diagnosis, Lady Hardinge Medical College and Associated Hospitals, New Delhi, India
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Abstract

Vascular anomalies are a common cause of soft-tissue masses in children and often referred for ultrasonographic (USG) evaluation. They are broadly classified as vascular tumors (hemangiomas, hemangioendotheliomas, and angiosarcomas) or vascular malformations (venous malformations, lymphatic malformations, and arteriovenous malformations). Findings on USG and Doppler imaging can be used to categorize vascular anomalies into high- or low-flow lesions, which forms the basis for further workup, diagnosis, and management. On careful evaluation of various sonographic features, in conjunction with clinical findings, an accurate clinicoradiological diagnosis can be made in most cases. Further imaging with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging or computed tomography (CT) helps in delineation of lesion extent, whereas MR or CT angiography is useful to map the vascular supply of high-flow lesions. We have illustrated and discussed a step-by-step approach to diagnose vascular anomalies using ultrasound and Doppler imaging.

Keywords

arteriovenous malformation - doppler - hemangioma - lymphatic malformation - vascular anomalies - vascular malformations - venous malformation


Publication History

Publication Date:
13 May 2021 (online)

© 2021. Indian Radiological Association. This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial-License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commercial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

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