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CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · J Hand Microsurg 2023; 15(02): 133-140
DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1729468
Original Article

Effects of Routine Antithrombotic-Adjusted Dose of Rivaroxaban and Nadroparin Calcium on Tendon Healing of Rats: An Experimental Study

Suleyman Altun
1   Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Baskent University Faculty of Medicine, Baskent University Hospital, Çankaya/Ankara, Turkey
,
Mehmet Sukru Sahin
2   Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Baskent University Alanya Research and Practice Center, Alanya/Antalya, Turkey
,
Gokhan Çakmak
2   Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Baskent University Alanya Research and Practice Center, Alanya/Antalya, Turkey
,
Kemal Gokkus 
2   Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Baskent University Alanya Research and Practice Center, Alanya/Antalya, Turkey
,
Aysen Terzi
1   Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Baskent University Faculty of Medicine, Baskent University Hospital, Çankaya/Ankara, Turkey
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Abstract

Introduction Achilles tendon injury necessitates thromboembolism prophylaxis after repair. This study aimed to investigate the effects of antithrombotic-adjusted prophylactic doses of nadroparin calcium and rivaroxaban on Achilles tendon healing.

Materials and Methods Twenty-four young adult male Wistar Albino type rats were randomly divided into three groups. All rats underwent a full-thickness surgical incision of the Achilles tendon, followed by primary repair. After the procedure, group 1 was determined as the control group and received no medication. Group 2 received 2.03 mg/kg rivaroxaban daily via gastric lavage once daily, and group 3 was given subcutaneous 114 IU AXa nadroparin calcium once daily for 28 days. After euthanization, the degrees of inflammation, neovascularization, fibroblastic activity, and collagen fiber sequencing were examined and scored for histopathological evaluation. The Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 21.0 for Windows software (SPSS, Inc., Chicago, Illinois, United States) was used for all statistical analyses. The number of inflammatory cells, capillary vessels, and fibroblasts, which met the parametric tests' assumptions, were compared between three independent groups by one-way analysis of variance. The significance level was set at p-value < 0.05.

Results Histological examination of the group 1 sample showed the presence of inflammatory cells, an increase in the number of fibroblasts, and sequencing of collagen fibers scattered. The presence of inflammatory cells, remarkable increases in the number of fibroblasts, the presence of mature collagen fibers, and regular sequencing of collagen fibers regular were shown in groups 2 and 3. There were statistically significant differences between the groups regarding the number of inflammatory cells and fibroblasts. In group 2, the number of inflammatory cells was lower than in groups 1 and 3. Elsewhere, the number of fibroblasts was higher in group 1 compared than in groups 2 and 3.

Conclusion Both rivaroxaban and nadroparin calcium in their daily dosage have a beneficial effect on Achilles tendon healing.

Keywords

rivaroxaban - nadroparin calcium - Achilles tendon rupture - Achilles tendon healing


Publication History

Article published online:
29 June 2021

© 2021. The Author(s). This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commercial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

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