Dolor sacroilíaco: Revisión actualizada del enfrentamiento diagnóstico

Enrique Blanco; Sebastián Frías; Facundo Álvarez; José Fleiderman

doi:10.1055/s-0041-1728741

Revista Chilena de Ortopedia y Traumatología, Inhaltsverzeichnis

CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · Revista Chilena de Ortopedia y Traumatología 2021; 62(02): e143-e152
DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1728741

Review Article | Artículo de Revisión

Dolor sacroilíaco: Revisión actualizada del enfrentamiento diagnóstico

Artikel in mehreren Sprachen: español | English

Enrique Blanco

¹Estudiante de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile

,

Sebastián Frías

²Residente Traumatología y Ortopedia, Clínica Universidad de los Andes, Hospital Militar de Santiago, Santiago, Chile

,

Facundo Álvarez

³Fellow de Columna, Clínica Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile

,

José Fleiderman

⁴Centro de columna, Traumatología y Ortopedia, Clínica Universidad de los Andes, Hospital del Trabajador. Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile

› Institutsangaben

Abstract

Resumen

El dolor sacroilíaco es responsable de 15% a 30% de los cuadros de dolor lumbar bajo. El diagnóstico de esta patología es un desafío para el médico, debido a su compleja anatomía, el amplio diagnóstico diferencial, y las diversas etiologías que pueden provocar dolor en la articulación sacroilíaca. Una anamnesis ordenada y dirigida, asociada a un examen físico preciso, ayuda a orientar el diagnóstico. Las pruebas sacroiliacas específicas deben realizarse en aquellos pacientes con sospecha de dolor sacroilíaco, y deben interpretarse en conjunto y no de manera aislada. La resonancia magnética sirve para descartar otras causas de dolor lumbar bajo o diagnosticar casos de sacroileítis inflamatoria. La infiltración de la articulación es el gold standard para el diagnóstico, y debe realizarse en pacientes con alta sospecha de dolor sacroilíaco, por la anamnesis, examen físico, y tres o más pruebas sacroilíacas específicas positivas.

Palabras clave

dolor sacroilíaco - examen físico - diagnóstico diferencial - dolor lumbar bajo

Volltext

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