Download PDF
CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · Journal of Digestive Endoscopy 2021; 12(02): 103-106
DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1724134
Brief Report

Endoscopic Insufflation–Induced Gastric Barotrauma during Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy: A Report of Three Patients and Review of Literature

Avnish Kumar Seth
1   Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatobiliary Sciences, Fortis Memorial Research Institute, Gurugram, Haryana, India
,
Rinkesh Kumar Bansal
1   Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatobiliary Sciences, Fortis Memorial Research Institute, Gurugram, Haryana, India
› Author Affiliations
› Further Information
   Permissions and Reprints

Abstract

Background We report three patients with endoscopic insufflation–induced gastric barotrauma (EIGB) during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy (UGIE) for percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG). A definition and classification of EIGB is proposed.

Materials and Methods Records of patients undergoing UGIE over 7 years (April 2013–March 2020) were reviewed. Patients who developed new onset of bleeding or petechial spots in proximal stomach, in an area previously documented to be normal during the same endoscopic procedure, were studied.

Results New onset of bleeding or petechial spots in proximal stomach occurred in 3/286 (0.1%) patients undergoing PEG and in none of the 19,323 other UGIE procedures during the study period. All patients were men with median age 76 years (range 68–80 years), with no coagulopathy. Aspirin and apixaban were discontinued 1 week and 3 days prior to the procedure. Fresh blood was noted in the stomach at a median of 275 seconds (range 130–340) seconds after commencement of endoscopy. At retroflexion, multiple linear mucosal breaks of up to 3 cm, with oozing of blood, were noted in the proximal stomach along the lesser curvature, close to the gastroesophageal junction in two patients. In the third patient, multiple petechial spots were noticed in the fundus. The plan for PEG was abandoned and the stomach deflated by endoscopic suction. There was no subsequent hematemesis, melena, or drop in hemoglobin. One week later, repeat UGIE in the first two patients revealed multiple healing linear ulcers of 1 to 3 cm in the lesser curvature and PEG was performed.

Conclusion Overinsufflation over a short duration during UGIE may lead to EIGB. Early detection is key and in the absence gastric perforation, patients can be managed conservatively.

Keywords

gastric barotrauma - endoscopic insufflation–induced gastric barotrauma - complications of endoscopy - complications of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy


Publication History

Article published online:
27 July 2021

© 2021. Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy of India. This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial-License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commercial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Pvt. Ltd.
A-12, Second Floor, Sector -2, NOIDA -201301, India

 

  • References

  • 1 Jalali SM, Emami-Razavi H, Mansouri A. Gastric perforation after cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Am J Emerg Med 2012; 30 (09) 2091.e1-2091.e2
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 2 Malik SM, Rockacy M, Al-Khafaji A. Bleeding after bagging. Diagnosis: gastric rupture and massive pneumoperitoneum secondary to barotrauma from bag ventilation. Gastroenterology 2011; 141 (01) e16-e17
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 3 Nishimuea T, Shirai K, Nakao A, Kotani J. Gastric perforation because of non-invasive positive-pressure ventilation: review of complications. Surg Infections Case Reports 2016; 1 (01) 41-43
    CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • 4 Lemmon WT, Paschal GW. Rupture of the stomach following ingestion of sodium bicarbonate. Ann Surg 1941; 114 (06) 997-1003
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 5 Titu LV, Laden G, Purdy GM, Wedgwood KR. Gastric barotrauma in a scuba diver: report of a case. Surg Today 2003; 33 (04) 299-301
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 6 Spoormans I, Van Hoorenbeeck K, Balliu L, Jorens PG. Gastric perforation after cardiopulmonary resuscitation: review of the literature. Resuscitation 2010; 81 (03) 272-280
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 7 Krischer JP, Fine EG, Davis JH, Nagel EL. Complications of cardiac resuscitation. Chest 1987; 92 (02) 287-291
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 8 Wurm Johansson G, Nemeth A, Nielsen J. et al. Gastric rupture as a rare complication in diagnostic upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Endoscopy 2013; 45 (Suppl 2 UCTN) E391
    Article in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 9 Matsunaga Y, Goto A, Kaneko H. et al. Gastric rupture before puncture of the stomach in percutaneous gastrostomy. Endoscopy 2011; 43 (Suppl 2 UCTN) E57
    Article in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 10 KüttnerMagalhães R, Marcos-Pinto R, Silva S, Pedroto I. Gastric barotrauma. Endoscopy 2014; 46 (Suppl 1 UCTN) E564-E565
    Article in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 11 Rahnemai-Azar AA, Rahnemaiazar AA, Naghshizadian R, Kurtz A, Farkas DT. Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy: indications, technique, complications and management. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20 (24) 7739-7751
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 12 Wang WL, Wu ZH, Sun Q. et al. Meta-analysis: the use of carbon dioxide insufflation vs. room air insufflation for gastrointestinal endoscopy. Aliment PharmacolTher 2012; 35 (10) 1145-1154
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar