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Semin Thromb Hemost 2021; 47(02): 120-128
DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1723798
Review Article

Point-of-Care Diagnostic Assays and Novel Preclinical Technologies for Hemostasis and Thrombosis

Christina Caruso
1   Department of Pediatrics, Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
,
Wilbur A. Lam
1   Department of Pediatrics, Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
2   Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University School of Medicine, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
› Author Affiliations
Funding Financial support was provided by NIH R35 HL145000 to W.A.L. and by ASH RTAF to C.C.
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Abstract

Hemostasis is a complex wound-healing process involving numerous mechanical and biochemical mechanisms and influenced by many factors including platelets, coagulation factors, and endothelial components. Slight alterations in these mechanisms can lead to either prothrombotic or bleeding consequences, and such hemostatic imbalances can lead to significant clinical consequences with resultant morbidity and mortality. An ideal hemostasis assay would not only address all the unique processes involved in clot formation and resolution but also take place under flow conditions to account for endothelial involvement. Global assays do exist; however, these assays are not flow based. Flow-based assays have been limited secondary to their large blood volume requirements and low throughput, limiting potential clinical applications. Microfluidic-based assays address the aforementioned limitations of both global and flow-based assays by utilizing standardized devices that require low blood volumes, offer reproducible analysis, and have functionality under a range of shear stresses and flow conditions. While still largely confined to the preclinical space, here we aim to discuss these novel technologies and potential clinical implications, particularly in comparison to the current, commercially available point-of-care assays.

Keywords

hemostasis - platelet function - coagulation assays - point-of-care testing - microfluidics


Publication History

Article published online:
26 February 2021

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