Orbital Surgical Guidelines—Clinical Evaluation

Abstract

Orbital disorders may present with change in form or function or may be discovered incidentally during clinical or imaging evaluations. A standardized orbital clinical examination, with appropriate ancillary tests, is helpful in narrowing the differential diagnosis and in the development of plans for management, with an eye toward minimizing the morbidity of the disease or its treatment. Evaluation and management may best be performed with a multidisciplinary team, which has become more common in skull base surgery.

Keywords

orbit - skull base - neuro-ophthalmologist - optical coherence tomography - orbital echography - orbital - surgery

Publikationsverlauf

Artikel online veröffentlicht:
03. März 2021

• References

• 1 McLaughlin N, Carrau RL, Kelly DF, Prevedello DM, Kassam AB. Teamwork in skull base surgery: an avenue for improvement in patient care. Surg Neurol Int 2013; 4: 36
• 2 African proverb of indeterminate attribution
• 3 Karlin JN, Krauss HR. Ophthalmic and orbital considerations in the evaluation of skull base malignancies. J Neurooncol 2020; 150 (03) 483-491
• 4 Scheuerle AF, Steiner HH, Kolling G, Kunze S, Aschoff A. Treatment and long-term outcome of patients with orbital cavernomas. Am J Ophthalmol 2004; 138 (02) 237-244
• 5 Cruz AAV, Ribeiro SFT, Garcia DM, Akaishi PM, Pinto CT. Graves upper eyelid retraction. Surv Ophthalmol 2013; 58 (01) 63-76
• 6 Tanwani LK, Lohano V, Ewart R, Broadstone VL, Mokshagundam SP. Myasthenia gravis in conjunction with Graves' disease: a diagnostic challenge. Endocr Pract 2001; 7 (04) 275-278
• 7 Putterman AM. Margin reflex distance (MRD) 1, 2, and 3. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg 2012; 28 (04) 308-311
• 8 Falardeau J. Anisocoria. Int Ophthalmol Clin 2019; 59 (03) 125-139
• 9 Christoff A. Sensorimotor characteristics of neuro-ophthalmology and oculo-plastics patients. Am Orthopt J 2015; 65: 47-57
• 10 Liebermann L, Leske DA, Hatt SR, Holmes JM. Test-retest variability of cyclodeviations measured using the double Maddox rod test. J AAPOS 2018; 22 (02) 146-148.e1
• 11 Metz HS. Forced duction, active force generation, and saccadic velocity tests. Int Ophthalmol Clin 1976; 16 (03) 47-73
• 12 Metz HS. Restrictive factors in strabismus. Surv Ophthalmol 1983; 28 (02) 71-83
• 13 Krauss HR, Kennerdell JS. Orbital disease: dural-cavernous sinus fistula. Clinical Decisions in Ophthalmology 1983; 7: 4-9
• 14 Griffiths CF, Krauss HR. Transnasal endoscopic image-guided orbital apex surgery. Skull Base 2008; 18: A208
• 15 Sibony PA, Kennerdell JS, Slamovits TL, Lessell S, Krauss HR. Intrapapillary refractile bodies in optic nerve sheath meningioma. Arch Ophthalmol 1985; 103 (03) 383-385
• 16 Sibony PA, Krauss HR, Kennerdell JS, Maroon JC, Slamovits TL. Optic nerve sheath meningiomas. Clinical manifestations. Ophthalmology 1984; 91 (11) 1313-1326
• 17 Mair MH, Geley T, Judmaier W, Gassner I. Using orbital sonography to diagnose and monitor treatment of acute swelling of the eyelids in pediatric patients. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2002; 179 (06) 1529-1534
• 18 Byrne SR, Glaser JS. Orbital tissue differentiation with standardized echography. Ophthalmology 1983; 90 (09) 1071-1090
• 19 Douglas RS, Kahaly GJ, Patel A. et al. Teprotumumab for the treatment of active thyroid eye disease. N Engl J Med 2020; 382 (04) 341-352