Combination Immunotherapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Where Are We Currently?

Abstract

The past decade has seen a rise in the availability of breakthrough therapeutic strategies for treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). A tumor microenvironment in HCC is regulated by various immunotolerance mechanisms; therefore, therapeutic strategies aiming at disrupting tumor immune tolerance are becoming attractive curative options in HCC. Immune checkpoint inhibitors have demonstrated impressive effectiveness in HCC, including in sorafenib-unresponsive patients. Synergistic approaches with checkpoint inhibitors (anti-PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4) and antiangiogenic drugs are burgeoning as first-line treatment therapeutic modalities in HCC.

Keywords

hepatocellular carcinoma - liver - checkpoint inhibitors - anti-PD-1 - anti-CTLA-4

Publication History

Article published online:
06 May 2021

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