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CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · Revista Urología Colombiana / Colombian Urology Journal 2021; 30(02): 098-104
DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1722238
Original Article | Artículo Original

Infección Urinaria en Gestantes: Prevalencia y Factores Asociados en el Eje Cafetero, Colombia, 2018-2019

Urinary Infection in Pregnant Women: Prevalence and Associated Factors in the Eje Cafetero, Colombia, 2018-2019
Franklin José Espitia De La Hoz 
1   Ginecología y Obstetricia, Universidad Militar nueva Granada, Bogota, Columbia
2   Sexología Clínica, Universidad de Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
3   Uroginecología / FUCS, Hospital de San José / Unicamp, Brasil
› Author Affiliations Financiación Estudio financiado con recursos propios del autor, mediante fondos obtenidos de sus turnos en obstetricia.
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Resumen

Objetivo estimar la prevalencia y etiología de las infecciones urinarias en gestantes del Eje Cafetero, así como describir los factores asociados e identificar la sensibilidad a los antibióticos.

Métodos estudio de corte transversal, en gestantes que consultaron, por primera vez, a consulta prenatal, y que tuvieron un resultado positivo en el urocultivo, en tres centros de atención en el Eje Cafetero, entre 2018 y 2019. Se reclutaron 1131 mujeres. Se evaluaron los factores de riesgo asociados, el aislamiento e identificación de los gérmenes involucrados, así como la prevalencia de enterobacterias productoras de β-lactamasas de espectro extendido (BLEE).

Resultados La edad de las mujeres osciló entre 18 y 42 años, promedio de 29,46 ± 5,82 años. La prevalencia global de infección urinaria fue de un 14,94% (IC95%: 11,78-21,46). La etiología más frecuente caracterizó la Escherichia Coli (80,47%), seguida por Klebsiella spp. (9,46%) y Proteus mirabilis (5,91%). La prevalencia de gérmenes BLEE (+) alcanzó el 11,24% (IC95%: 9,47-11,75). Las mujeres con depilación íntima tuvieron mayor riesgo de presentar infección urinaria (OR = 4,62; IC95%: 1,08-8,64) seguida por el tabaquismo (OR = 4,56; IC95%: 2,58-9,81) y la diabetes mellitus (OR = 3,96; IC95%: 1,05-6,54). El uso de protectores íntimos fue mayor en las mujeres con infección urinaria (OR = 2,88; IC95%: 1,02-3,99).

Conclusiones se identificó la infección urinaria en el 14,94% de las gestantes. Se detectó la Escherichia Coli como la etiología más frecuente. La depilación íntima fue el principal factor de riesgo.

Abstract

Objective to estimate the prevalence and etiology of urinary tract infections in pregnant women of the Coffee Region, as well as to describe the associated factors and identify the sensitivity to antibiotics.

Methods cross-sectional study, in pregnant women who consulted for the first time at prenatal consultation, and who had a positive result in urine culture. In three care centers in the Coffee Axis, between 2018 and 2019. 1131 women were recruited. The associated risk factors, the isolation and identification of the germs involved, as well as the prevalence of extended spectrum β-lactamase-producing enterobacteriaceae (BLEE) were evaluated.

Results The age of the women ranged between 18 and 42 years, average of 29.46 ± 5.82 years. The overall prevalence of urinary infection was 14.94% (95% CI: 11.78-21.46). The most frequent etiology characterized Escherichia Coli (80.47%), followed by Klebsiella spp. (9.46%) and Proteus mirabilis (5.91%). The prevalence of ESBL (+) germs reached 11.24% (95% CI: 9.47-11.75). Women with intimate hair removal had a higher risk of developing urinary infection (OR = 4.62; 95% CI: 1.08-8.64) followed by smoking (OR = 4.56; 95% CI: 2.58-9, 81) and diabetes mellitus (OR = 3.96; 95% CI: 1.05-6.54). The use of intimate protectors was greater in women with urinary infection (OR = 2.88, 95% CI: 1.02-3.99).

Conclusions urinary infection was identified in 14.94% of pregnant women. Escherichia Coli was detected as the most frequent etiology. Intimate hair removal was the main risk factor.

Palabras clave

factores de riesgo - infecciones urinarias - mujeres embarazadas - prevalencia

Keywords

risk factors - urinary tract infections - pregnant women - prevalence

Responsabilidades Éticas

Protección de personas y animales. Los autores declaran que los procedimientos seguidos se conformaron a las normas éticas del comité de experimentación humana responsable y de acuerdo con la Asociación Médica Mundial y la Declaración de Helsinki.


Confidencialidad de los datos. Los autores declaran que han seguido los protocolos de su centro de trabajo sobre la publicación de datos de pacientes.


Derecho a la privacidad y consentimiento informado. Los autores han obtenido el consentimiento informado de los pacientes y/o sujetos referidos en el artículo. Este documento obra en poder del autor de correspondencia.




Publication History

Received: 24 August 2020

Accepted: 17 November 2020

Article published online:
04 February 2021

© 2021. Sociedad Colombiana de Urología. This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commecial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

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