Trend Analysis of Head and Neck Neoplasms between 2012–2018 in Patients Residing in Al-Madinah, Saudi Arabia: A Retrospective Study

Abstract

Objectives This study sought to present a view of head and neck neoplasms (HNN) prevalence with specific focus on sociodemographic determinants in Al-Madinah Province, Saudi Arabia.

Materials and Methods This was a hospital-based retrospective study based on retrieval of histopathological data for a period of 6 years between 2012 and 2018. Data was collected from the archives of the Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology Laboratory at King Fahad Hospital (the only referral center for biopsy services) in Al-Madinah City.

Statistical Analysis An independent t-test and/or nonparametric (Mann–Whitney U test, chi-squared test) tests were used to determine the differences between groups. Statistical significance was set at the p-value < 0.05.

Results Out of 96 patients, a total of 58 patients had valid biopsy data with preoperative diagnosis. Over three quarters of the cases (n = 44) were benign with only 24% were malignant. Males were more likely to be diagnosed with a benign tumor than females (54.5 vs. 45.6%, respectively), and malignancy was also more common in males (64.3 vs. 24.1). A significant difference was found in relation to mean age of older patients who were more likely to be diagnosed with malignant tumors (p = 0.001).

Conclusions The findings suggest that most of biopsied HNN cases are benign neoplasms. Age is a significant risk factor for head and neck malignancy in this region. Delays in diagnosis of HNN need to be explored.

Keywords

head and neck neoplasms - trend analysis - diagnostic delays - histopathology - Saudi Arabia

Publikationsverlauf

Artikel online veröffentlicht:
23. Februar 2021

• References

• 1 Mehanna H, Paleri V, West CM, Nutting C. Head and neck cancer–Part 1: epidemiology, presentation, and prevention. BMJ 2010; 341: c4684
• 2 Chow LQM. Head and neck cancer. N Engl J Med 2020; 382 (01) 60-72
• 3 Miranda-Filho A, Bray F. Global patterns and trends in cancers of the lip, tongue and mouth. Oral Oncol 2020; 102: 104551
• 4 Alhazzazi TY. Evaluation of head and neck cancer awareness and screening status in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2016; 17 (03) 1135-1139
• 5 Al-Zahrani O, Eldali A, Al-Shahri MZ. Prevalence and severity of pain in cancer patients in an outpatient palliative care setting in Saudi Arabia. Qatar Med J 2014; 2014 (01) 38-45
• 6 Alhazzazi TY, Alghamdi FT. Head and neck cancer in Saudi Arabia: a systematic review. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2016; 17 (08) 4043-4048
• 7 Saleh SM, Idris AM, Vani NV. et al. Retrospective analysis of biopsied oral and maxillofacial lesions in South-Western Saudi Arabia. Saudi Med J 2017; 38 (04) 405-412
• 8 Alhindi NA, Sindi AM, Binmadi NO, Elias WY. A retrospective study of oral and maxillofacial pathology lesions diagnosed at the Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University. Clin Cosmet Investig Dent 2019; 11: 45-52
• 9 Yousef Musarrah A, Mohammad Raji A, Khurram L, Nasser Attallah A, Badar Awadh A, Mohammed Ahmed A. A 5-years retrospective study oral pathological lesions in 425 Saudi patient. Pak Oral Dent J 2016; 36 (01) 45
• 10 Al Yamani AO, Al Sebaei MO, Bassyoni LJ, Badghaish AJ, Shawly HH. Variation of pediatric and adolescents head and neck pathology in the city of Jeddah: a retrospective analysis over 10 years. Saudi Dent J 2011; 23 (04) 197-200
• 11 Krishna SV Rao, Mejia G, Roberts-Thomson K, Logan R. Epidemiology of oral cancer in Asia in the past decade–an update (2000-2012).. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2013; 14 (10) 5567-5577
• 12 Gambhir RS, Veeresha KL, Sohi R, Kakkar H, Aggarwal A, Gupta D. The prevalence of oral mucosal lesions in the patients visiting a dental school in Northern India in relation to sex, site and distribution: a retrospective study. J Clin Exp Dent 2011; 3 (01) e10-e17
• 13 General Authority of Statistics GAS. Population indicators data base 2020. Available at: http://87.101.205.104:6855/en/DataAnalysis. Accessed November 24, 2020
• 14 Brown A, Ravichandran K, Warnakulasuriya S. The unequal burden related to the risk of oral cancer in the different regions of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Community Dent Health 2006; 23 (02) 101-106
• 15 Al-Mobeeriek A, AlDosari AM. Prevalence of oral lesions among Saudi dental patients. Ann Saudi Med 2009; 29 (05) 365-368
• 16 Dilley DC, Siegel MA, Budnick S. Diagnosing and treating common oral pathologies. Pediatr Clin North Am 1991; 38 (05) 1227-1264
• 17 Ali M, Joseph B, Sundaram D. Prevalence of oral mucosal lesions in patients of the Kuwait University Dental Center. Saudi Dent J 2013; 25 (03) 111-118
• 18 Quadri MFA, Alharbi F, Bajonaid AMS, Moafa IHY, Sharwani AA, Alamir AH. Oral squamous cell carcinoma and associated risk factors in Jazan, Saudi Arabia: a hospital based case control study. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 16 (10) 4335-4338
• 19 Al-Maweri SA, Al-Jamaei A, Saini R, Laronde DM, Sharhan A. White oral mucosal lesions among the Yemeni population and their relation to local oral habits. J Investig Clin Dent 2018; 9 (02) e12305
• 20 Al-Zalabani A, Kasim K. Prevalence and predictors of adolescents’ cigarette smoking in Madinah, Saudi Arabia: A school-based cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2015; 15 (01) 17
• 21 Dar-Odeh NS, Aleithan FA, Alnazzawi AA, Al-Shayyab MH, Abu-Hammad SO, Abu-Hammad OA. Factors affecting oral health determinants in female university students: a cross-sectional survey in Saudi Arabia. Int J Adolesc Med Health 2017; 32 (01) 1
• 22 Al Baik M, Abdrabulnabi A, Aldahan S, Alkhadhrawi N. Electronic cigarette in Saudi Arabia: an online survey. Valley Int J 2014; 1: 411-426
• 23 Owusu D, Massey Z, Popova L. An experimental study of messages communicating potential harms of electronic cigarettes. PLoS One 2020; 15 (10) e0240611
• 24 Nourwali I, Dar-Odeh N. Pleomorphic adenoma in the lower lip: a case report and a review. Eur J Dent 2019; 13 (04) 649-653
• 25 Tian Z, Li L, Wang L, Hu Y, Li J. Salivary gland neoplasms in oral and maxillofacial regions: a 23-year retrospective study of 6982 cases in an eastern Chinese population. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2010; 39 (03) 235-242
• 26 Carlson ER, Odd RA. Textbook and Colour Atlas of Salivary Gland Pathology. Iowa: Wiley-Blackwell 2008: 171-198
• 27 Kumar A, Popli G, Bhat S, Mohan S, Sowdepalli A, Kumari K. Oral cancer incidence trends in Delhi (1990-2014): an alarming scenario. South Asian J Cancer 2019; 8 (02) 116-119
• 28 Kumar M, Nanavati R, Modi TG, Dobariya C. Oral cancer: etiology and risk factors: a review. J Cancer Res Ther 2016; 12 (02) 458-463
• 29 Grafton-Clarke C, Chen KW, Wilcock J. Diagnosis and referral delays in primary care for oral squamous cell cancer: A systematic review. Br J Gen Pract 2019; 69 (679) e112-e126
• 30 Gupta B, Johnson NW, Kumar N. Global epidemiology of head and neck cancers: A continuing challenge. Oncology 2016; 91 (01) 13-23
• 31 Warnakulasuriya S. Global epidemiology of oral and oropharyngeal cancer. Oral Oncol 2009; 45 (4-5) 309-316