Subscribe to RSS
DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1718991
Sarcopenia em Idosos: Um estudo de revisão
Sarcopenia in Elderly: A Review Study
Resumo
Com o envelhecimento, há uma série de modificações fisiológicas em todo o organismo. Na musculatura esquelética, há uma mudança no padrão de fibras rápidas para fibras lentas, levando a uma perda de massa, força e qualidade muscular, o que faz com que, conforme o indivíduo envelheça, fique mais fraco e mais lento. Esta perda de massa e força muscular gera no idoso uma diminuição da mobilidade, aumento da incapacidade funcional e de sua dependência nas atividades, podendo levar até mesmo a consequências mais graves como quedas e fraturas. A este processo denominamos sarcopenia.
Os mecanismos responsáveis pelo desenvolvimento da sarcopenia ainda não são completamente conhecidos, mas sabe-se que alguns fatores como a diminuição dos níveis de hormônios esteroides, diminuição da ingestão proteica, aumento dos níveis de citocinas pró-inflamatórias e inatividade física são fatores contribuintes.
O presente estudo se trata de uma revisão da literatura, na qual foram utilizados estudos científicos com o objetivo de investigar o impacto da sarcopenia na funcionalidade de indivíduos > 65 anos.
Abstract
With aging, there are several physiological changes throughout the body. In the skeletal musculature, there is a change in the pattern from fast to slow fibers, leading to a loss of muscle mass, strength and quality, which causes the individual to become weaker and slower. This loss of muscle mass and strength generates in the elderly a decrease in mobility, increased functional disability and dependence on activities, and may even lead to more serious consequences such as falls and fractures. We call this process sarcopenia.
The mechanisms responsible for the development of sarcopenia are not yet fully known, but it is known that factors such as decreased steroid hormone levels, decreased protein intake, increased proinflammatory cytokine levels and physical inactivity are contributing factors.
The present study is a review of the literature, which used scientific studies to investigate the impact of sarcopenia on the functionality of individuals > 65 years old.
Publication History
Received: 14 August 2020
Accepted: 25 August 2020
Article published online:
08 December 2020
© 2020. The Author(s). This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial-License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commercial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
Thieme Revinter Publicações Ltda.
Rua do Matoso 170, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 20270-135, Brazil
-
Referências
- 1 Srikanthan P, Karlamangla AS. Muscle mass index as a predictor of longevity in older adults. Am J Med 2014; 127 (06) 547-553
- 2 Strasser B, Volaklis K, Fuchs D, Burtscher M. Role of Dietary Protein and Muscular Fitness on Longevity and Aging. Aging Dis 2018; 9 (01) 119-132
- 3 Delmonico MJ, Beck DT. The Current Understanding of Sarcopenia: Emerging Tools and Interventional Possibilities. Am J Lifestyle Med 2016; 11 (02) 167-181
- 4 Visvanathan R, Chapman IM. Undernutrition and anorexia in the older person. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 2009; 38 (03) 393-409
- 5 Cruz-Jentoft AJ, Bahat G, Bauer J. et al; Writing Group for the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People 2 (EWGSOP2), and the Extended Group for EWGSOP2. Sarcopenia: revised European consensus on definition and diagnosis. Age Ageing 2019; 48 (01) 16-31
- 6 Lang T, Streeper T, Cawthon P, Baldwin K, Taaffe DR, Harris TB. Sarcopenia: etiology, clinical consequences, intervention, and assessment. Osteoporos Int 2010; 21 (04) 543-559
- 7 Muscaritoli M, Anker SD, Argilés J. et al. Consensus definition of sarcopenia, cachexia and pre-cachexia: joint document elaborated by Special Interest Groups (SIG) “cachexia-anorexia in chronic wasting diseases” and “nutrition in geriatrics”. Clin Nutr 2010; 29 (02) 154-159
- 8 Tarantino U, Piccirilli E, Fantini M, Baldi J, Gasbarra E, Bei R. Sarcopenia and fragility fractures: molecular and clinical evidence of the bone-muscle interaction. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2015; 97 (05) 429-437
- 9 Barbosa-Silva TG, Menezes AM, Bielemann RM, Malmstrom TK, Gonzalez MC. Grupo de Estudos em Composição Corporal e Nutrição (COCONUT). Enhancing SARC-F: Improving Sarcopenia Screening in the Clinical Practice. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2016; 17 (12) 1136-1141
- 10 Yoo JI, Ha YC. Review of Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Osteosarcopenia in Korea. J Bone Metab 2018; 25 (01) 1-7
- 11 Morley JE, Bauer JM. Editorial: The future of sarcopenia. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2019; 22 (01) 1-3
- 12 Zamboni M, Rubele S, Rossi AP. Sarcopenia and obesity. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2019; 22 (01) 13-19
- 13 Hilmi M, Jouinot A, Burns R. et al. Body composition and sarcopenia: The next-generation of personalized oncology and pharmacology?. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 196: 135-159
- 14 Kalinkovich A, Livshits G. Sarcopenic obesity or obese sarcopenia: A cross talk between age-associated adipose tissue and skeletal muscle inflammation as a main mechanism of the pathogenesis. Ageing Res Rev 2017; 35: 200-221
- 15 Wannamethee SG, Atkins JL. Muscle loss and obesity: the health implications of sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity. Proc Nutr Soc 2015; 74 (04) 405-412
- 16 Choi KM. Sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity. Korean J Intern Med (Korean Assoc Intern Med) 2016; 31 (06) 1054-1060
- 17 Cruz-Jentoft AJ, Sayer AA. Sarcopenia. Lancet 2019; 393 (10191): 2636-2646
- 18 Malmstrom TK, Morley JE. SARC-F: a simple questionnaire to rapidly diagnose sarcopenia. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2013; 14 (08) 531-532