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CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · Eur J Dent 2021; 15(01): 071-076
DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1715913
Original Article

Role of Inflammatory Cell Responses in Stimulating Fibroblasts in Diabetic Oral Ulcer after Treatment with Liquid Smoke of Coconut Endocarp: A Histological Assessment

Authors

  • Diah Savitri Ernawati

    1   Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia

  • Meircurius Dwi Condro Surboyo

    1   Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia

  • Nurina Febriyanti Ayuningtyas

    1   Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia

  • Ayu Anggraini Broto Nagoro

    2   Bachelor of Dental Surgery Program, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia

Funding This work was supported by Kementerian Riset Teknologi Dan Pendidikan Tinggi Republik Indonesia, Penelitian Dasar Unggulan Perguruan Tinggi (PDUPT) 2019 with grant number 6/E/KTP/2019.
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Abstract

Objective The liquid smoke of coconut endocarp (LS-CE) contains high antioxidants that promote oral ulcer healing in diabetics. This study reveals the profile of inflammatory cell responses to oral ulcer healing in diabetics under treatment with LS-CE.

Materials and Methods A diabetic model was induced with alloxan. Treatment with LS-CE was performed on oral ulcer at a dose of 1 μL/g weight for 3, 5, and 7 days. The anti-inflammatory effect was tested on animal’s oral ulcer model by measuring the inflammatory cell responses of the neutrophils, macrophages, lymphocytes, and fibroblasts through histological assessment.

Results The LS-CE stimulated the healing by simultaneously increasing the inflammatory cell responses. The numbers of neutrophils, macrophages, and fibroblasts after treatment for 7 days are higher than that after 3 days and 5 days (p < 0.01), but not for neutrophils. The LS-CE shows increase in the fibroblasts by hastening responses of macrophage recruitment by five times, but not neutrophil and lymphocyte recruitment. The higher phenolic compounds in LS-CE are responsible for increase in the proliferation of fibroblasts, as it hastens cellular responses of macrophages.

Conclusions The application of LS-CE enables hastening of the healing of diabetic oral ulcer by stimulating the macrophages.

Keywords

liquid smoke - coconut endocarp - inflammatory - oral ulcer - macrophages - fibroblast


Publikationsverlauf

Artikel online veröffentlicht:
31. August 2020

© 2020. European Journal of Dentistry. This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial-License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commercial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

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