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CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · Eur J Dent 2021; 15(01): 071-076
DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1715913
Original Article

Role of Inflammatory Cell Responses in Stimulating Fibroblasts in Diabetic Oral Ulcer after Treatment with Liquid Smoke of Coconut Endocarp: A Histological Assessment

Diah Savitri Ernawati
1   Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
,
Meircurius Dwi Condro Surboyo
1   Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
,
Nurina Febriyanti Ayuningtyas
1   Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
,
Ayu Anggraini Broto Nagoro
2   Bachelor of Dental Surgery Program, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
› Author Affiliations
Funding This work was supported by Kementerian Riset Teknologi Dan Pendidikan Tinggi Republik Indonesia, Penelitian Dasar Unggulan Perguruan Tinggi (PDUPT) 2019 with grant number 6/E/KTP/2019.
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Abstract

Objective The liquid smoke of coconut endocarp (LS-CE) contains high antioxidants that promote oral ulcer healing in diabetics. This study reveals the profile of inflammatory cell responses to oral ulcer healing in diabetics under treatment with LS-CE.

Materials and Methods A diabetic model was induced with alloxan. Treatment with LS-CE was performed on oral ulcer at a dose of 1 μL/g weight for 3, 5, and 7 days. The anti-inflammatory effect was tested on animal’s oral ulcer model by measuring the inflammatory cell responses of the neutrophils, macrophages, lymphocytes, and fibroblasts through histological assessment.

Results The LS-CE stimulated the healing by simultaneously increasing the inflammatory cell responses. The numbers of neutrophils, macrophages, and fibroblasts after treatment for 7 days are higher than that after 3 days and 5 days (p < 0.01), but not for neutrophils. The LS-CE shows increase in the fibroblasts by hastening responses of macrophage recruitment by five times, but not neutrophil and lymphocyte recruitment. The higher phenolic compounds in LS-CE are responsible for increase in the proliferation of fibroblasts, as it hastens cellular responses of macrophages.

Conclusions The application of LS-CE enables hastening of the healing of diabetic oral ulcer by stimulating the macrophages.

Keywords

liquid smoke - coconut endocarp - inflammatory - oral ulcer - macrophages - fibroblast


Publication History

Article published online:
31 August 2020

© 2020. European Journal of Dentistry. This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial-License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commercial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

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