Extracardiac Complications in Intensive Care Units after Surgical Repair for Congenital Heart Disease: Imaging Review with a Focus on Ultrasound and Radiography

Abstract

Pediatric patients show various extracardiac complications after cardiovascular surgery, and radiography and ultrasound are routinely performed in the intensive care unit to detect and evaluate these complications. This review presents images of these complications, sonographic approach, and timing of occurrence that are categorized based on their extracardiac locations and include complications pertaining to the central nervous system, mediastinum, thorax and lung parenchyma, diaphragm, liver and biliary system, and kidney along with pleural effusion and iatrogenic complications. This pictorial review will make it easier for medical doctors in intensive care units to identify and manage various extracardiac complications in pediatric patients after cardiovascular surgery.

Keywords

complication - pediatric - cardiovascular surgery

Ethical Approval

This research was performed in accordance with the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki. This review article was approved by the ethics committee of our institution, and informed consent was waived.

Publication History

Received: 03 June 2020

Accepted: 24 June 2020

Article published online:
09 September 2020

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