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Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2021; 42(01): 145-159
DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1714386
Review Article

Life-Threatening Hemoptysis

Himanshu Deshwal
1   Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, New York University Robert I Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York
,
Ankur Sinha
2   Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York
,
Atul C. Mehta
3   Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
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Abstract

Life-threatening hemoptysis (LTH) is any amount of hemoptysis that causes significant hemodynamic decompensation or respiratory distress which may lead to death if left untreated. While the amount of hemoptysis that qualifies as massive hemoptysis has continued to be debated, any amount between 100 to 1,000 mL/day is considered significant. Up to 15% cases of hemoptysis are LTH and need urgent life-saving intervention. Understanding of pulmonary vascular anatomy is of paramount importance to manage LTH. The goal of treatment lies in airway protection, appropriate oxygenation, and prevention of exsanguination. Once the airway is stabilized, a quick diagnosis and control of bleeding site is targeted. This chapter highlights current practices and approach to LTH including medical management, bronchoscopic approach, and advanced therapies such as bronchial artery embolization and surgical resection. We review situations, such as bronchiectasis, vascular malformation, diffuse alveolar hemorrhage, and tracheostomy bleed and specific approach to management of these conditions in a systematic and evidence-based manner.

Keywords

life-threatening hemoptysis - bronchoscopy - bronchiectasis - tracheostomy bleed - diffuse alveolar hemorrhage


Publikationsverlauf

Artikel online veröffentlicht:
30. August 2020

© 2020. Thieme. All rights reserved.

Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc.
333 Seventh Avenue, 18th Floor, New York, NY 10001, USA

 

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