Hypertensive Disorders: Prevalence, Perinatal Outcomes and Cesarean Section Rates in Pregnant Women Hospitalized for Delivery

Abstract

Objective To evaluate the prevalence of hypertensive disorders, perinatal outcomes (preterm infants, low birthweight infants and Apgar score < 7 at the 5th minute and fetal deaths) and the cesarean rates in pregnant women hospitalized for delivery at the Maternidade Hilda Brandão da Santa Casa de Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, from March 1, 2008 to February 28, 2018.

Methods A case-control study was performed, and the groups selected for comparison were those of pregnant women with and without hypertensive disorders. Out of the 36,724 women, 4,464 were diagnosed with hypertensive disorders and 32,260 did not present hypertensive disorders

Results The prevalence of hypertensive disorders was 12.16%; the perinatal outcomes and cesarean rates between the 2 groups with and without hypertensive disorders were: preterm infants (21.70% versus 9.66%, odds ratio [OR] 2.59, 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.40–2.80, p < 0.001); low birthweight infants (24.48% versus 10.56%; OR 2.75; 95% CI, 2.55–2.96; p < 0.001); Apgar score < 7 at the 5^th minute (1.40% versus 1.10%; OR 1.27; 95% CI, 0.97–1.67; p = 0.84); dead fetuses diagnosed prior to delivery (1.90% versus 0.91%; OR 2.12; 95% CI, 1.67–2.70; p < 0.001); cesarean rates (60.22% versus 31.21%; OR 3.34; 95% CI, 3.14–3.55; p < 0.001).

Conclusion Hypertensive disorders are associated with higher rates of cesarean deliveries and higher risk of preterm infants, low birthweight infants and a higher risk of fetal deaths.

Resumo

Objetivo Avaliar a prevalência dos distúrbios hipertensivos, resultados perinatais (recém-nascidos pré-termo, recém-nascidos de baixo peso, índice de Apgar < 7 no 5° minuto e óbitos fetais) e as taxas de cesarianas nas gestantes internadas para assistência ao parto na Maternidade Hilda Brandão da Santa Casa de Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil, no período de 1° de março de 2008 a 28 de fevereiro de 2018.

Métodos Foi realizado um estudo analítico, observacional, longitudinal. Os grupos selecionados para comparação foram gestantes com e sem distúrbios hipertensivos. Do total de 36.724 gestantes, 4.464 foram diagnosticadas com distúrbios hipertensivos e 32.260 não apresentavam distúrbios hipertensivos.

Resultados A prevalência dos distúrbios hipertensivos foi de 12,16%; Os resultados perinatais e as taxas de cesarianas entre os 2 grupos de gestantes com e sem distúrbios hipertensivos foram: recém-nascidos pré-termo (21,70% versus 9,66%; odds ratio [OR] 2,59; intervalo de confiança [IC] 95%, 2,40–2,80; p < 0,001); recém-nascidos de baixo peso (24,48% versus 10,56%; OR 2,75; IC 95%, 2,55–2,96; p < 0,001); índice de Apgar < 7 no 5° minuto (1,40% versus 1,10%; OR 1,27; IC 95%, 0,97–1,67; p = 0,084); fetos mortos diagnosticados previamente ao parto (1,90% versus 0,91%; OR 2,12; IC 95%, 1,67–2,70; p < 0,001); taxas de cesarianas (60,22% versus 31,21%; OR 3,34; IC 95%, 3,14–3,55; p < 0,001).

Conclusão Os distúrbios hipertensivos estão associados a maiores taxas de cesarianas, ao maior risco de recém-nascidos pré-termo, recém-nascidos de baixo peso e a um maior risco de óbitos fetais.

Keywords

pre-eclampsia - prevalence - cesarean section - preterm infant - low birthweight infant

Palavras-chave

pré-eclâmpsia - prevalência - cesárea - recém-nascido pré-termo - recém-nascido de baixo peso

Contributions

Data collection and article writing was performed by the maternity coordinator physician Ramos Filho F. L. Professor Antunes C. M. F. did the analysis and interpretation of data.

Publication History

Received: 08 February 2020

Accepted: 04 June 2020

Article published online:
30 November 2020

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