The Role of Microglia in Cerebral Traumatic Injury and its Therapeutic Implications

Huber S. Padilla-Zambrano; Harsh Deora; Mohamed Arnout; Romario Mendoza-Florez; Wiston Eduardo Cardenas-Chavez; Monica Patricia Herrera-Martinez; Michael Gregorio Ortega-Sierra; Amit Agrawal; Luis Rafael Moscote-Salazar

doi:10.1055/s-0040-1713078

Indian Journal of Neurotrauma, Table of Contents

CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · Indian Journal of Neurotrauma 2020; 17(02): 069-073
DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1713078

Review Article

The Role of Microglia in Cerebral Traumatic Injury and its Therapeutic Implications

Huber S. Padilla-Zambrano

¹Biomedical Research Center (CIB), Cartagena Neurotrauma Research Group Research Line, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia

,

Harsh Deora

²Department of Neurosurgery, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India

,

Mohamed Arnout

³Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt

,

Romario Mendoza-Florez

¹Biomedical Research Center (CIB), Cartagena Neurotrauma Research Group Research Line, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia

,

Wiston Eduardo Cardenas-Chavez

¹Biomedical Research Center (CIB), Cartagena Neurotrauma Research Group Research Line, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia

,

Monica Patricia Herrera-Martinez

¹Biomedical Research Center (CIB), Cartagena Neurotrauma Research Group Research Line, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia

,

Michael Gregorio Ortega-Sierra

⁴Rafael Núñez University Corporation, Cartagena de Indias, Colombia

,

Amit Agrawal

⁵Department of Neurosurgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India

,

Luis Rafael Moscote-Salazar

¹Biomedical Research Center (CIB), Cartagena Neurotrauma Research Group Research Line, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia

› Author Affiliations

Abstract

Microglia have a variety of functions in the brain such as synaptic remodeling, damage repair of the central nervous system (CNS), and CNS’ inflammatory response to peripheral infections. The response depends on the type of insult and infection and includes a range of variety of activation states, the duration of which will decide the outcome. In response to traumatic brain injury (TBI), early activation can lead to early restoration of function, while prolonged and continuous activation can cause neurodegeneration states. Current evidence, however, states that this may not be the case. In this article, we discuss this seldom understood topic of microglia response to TBI, and analyze their distribution, function and possible sites of manipulation. Animal studies have allowed genetic and pharmacological manipulations of microglia activation, in order to define their role. Microglia activation can be remote to the site of injury, and thus their manipulation may play a significant role in the response to any trauma.

Keywords

microglia - traumatic brain injury - inflammation - neurodegeneration - diffuse axonal injury

Full Text

References

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