Download PDF
CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · Eur J Dent 2020; 14(04): 525-532
DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1713058
Original Article

The Effect of Nano Zinc Oxide Particles on Color Stability of MDX4-4210 Silicone Prostheses

Dittaya Charoenkijkajorn
1   Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
,
Sasiwimol Sanohkan
1   Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
› Author Affiliations Funding This research was supported by the Maxillofacial Prosthodontics and Dental Materials Research Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Thailand.
› Further Information
   Permissions and Reprints

Abstract

Objective This article aimed to study the effect of different concentrations of nano zinc oxide particles on the color change of MDX4–4210 facial silicone elastomer after artificial aging.

Materials and Methods Silicone specimens (N = 150) were fabricated by incorporating intrinsic pigments and divided into three groups—white, yellow, and red, each group consisting of 50 specimens (n = 50). In each color, specimens were subdivided into five subgroups according to the quantity of zinc oxide nanoparticles (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0% weight), where the 0% weight served as the control in each group. All specimens were then subjected to artificial aging using an accelerated aging machine chamber for 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours. L*a*b* values of specimens were noted after a different aging period by a spectrophotometer and ∆E* was calculated.

Statistical Analysis Two-way repeated analysis of variance (ANOVA) was done to examine the effects under test conditions (concentration and aging time) of each color group. Then color, concentration, and the aging period were subjected to three-way repeated ANOVA to investigate the effects of different colors and concentrations on ∆E*. Bonferroni’s test was performed to identify differences between groups. The significant level was at p = 0.05.

Results The control group showed significantly higher ∆E* values than the test groups. The 1.5% test group showed significantly lower ∆E* compared with the others. The 0.5 to 2.0% of nano zinc oxide significantly decreased the color change of the silicone elastomer (p < 0.05), but there were no significant differences among groups.

Conclusions Incorporation of 1.5% of nano zinc oxide can improve the color stability of silicone prosthesis (MDX4–4210).

Keywords

nano zinc oxide - facial silicone - artificial aging - color stability


Publication History

Article published online:
08 September 2020

© .

Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Private Ltd.
A-12, Second Floor, Sector -2, NOIDA -201301, India

 

  • References

  • 1 Beumer J, Marunick MT, Esposito S. Maxillofacial Rehabilitation: Prosthodontic and Surgical Management of Cancer-related, Acquired, and Congenital Defects of the Head and Neck. 3rd ed. Illinois: Quintessence Publishing; 2011
    Google Scholar
  • 2 Jani RM, Schaaf NG. An evaluation of facial prostheses. J Prosthet Dent 1978; 39 (05) 546-550
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 3 Amornvit P, Rokaya D, Sanohkan S. Applications of PEEK in implant retained finger prosthesis. J Int Dent Med Res. 2019; 12 (04) 1606-1609
    Google Scholar
  • 4 Amornvit P, Rokaya D, Keawcharoen K, Raucharernporn S, Thongpulsawasdi N. One- vs two stage surgery technique for implant placement in finger prosthesis. J Clin Diagn Res 2013; 7 (09) 1956-1968
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 5 Nobrega AS, Malavazi EM, Melo Neto CLM. et al. Influence of different pigment incorporation methods on color, dimensional stability, and detail reproduction of silicones. Eur J Dent 2019; 13 (03) 399-404
    Google Scholar
  • 6 Anitha KV, Behanam M, Ahila SC, Jei JB. A custom made intrinsic silicone shade guide for Indian population. J Clin Diagn Res 2016; 10 (04) ZC27-ZC30
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 7 Mehta S, Nandeeshwar DB. A spectrophotometric analysis of extraoral aging conditions on the color stability of maxillofacial silicone. J Indian Prosthodont Soc 2017; 17 (04) 355-360
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 8 Cantor R, Webber RL, Stroud L, Ryge G. Methods for evaluating prosthetic facial materials. J Prosthet Dent 1969; 21 (03) 324-332
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 9 Watson RM, Coward TJ, Forman GH. Results of treatment of 20 patients with implant-retained auricular prostheses. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 1995; 10 (04) 445-449
    Google Scholar
  • 10 Beatty MW, Mahanna GK, Dick K, Jia W. Color changes in dry-pigmented maxillofacial elastomer resulting from ultraviolet light exposure. J Prosthet Dent 1995; 74 (05) 493-498
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 11 Gary JJ, Smith CT. Pigments and their application in maxillofacial elastomers: a literature review. J Prosthet Dent 1998; 80 (02) 204-208
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 12 Andreotti AM, Goiato MC, Moreno A, Nobrega AS, Pesqueira AA, dos Santos DM. Influence of nanoparticles on color stability, microhardness, and flexural strength of acrylic resins specific for ocular prosthesis. Int J Nanomedicine 2014; 9: 5779-5787
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 13 Goiato MC, Pesqueira AA, dos Santos DM, Antenucci RM, Ribeiro Pdo. Evaluation of dimensional change and detail reproduction in silicones for facial prostheses. Acta Odontol Latinoam 2008; 21 (01) 85-88
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 14 dos Santos DM, Goiato MC, Moreno A, Pesqueira AA, Haddad MF. Influence of pigments and opacifiers on color stability of an artificially aged facial silicone. J Prosthodont 2011; 20 (03) 205-208
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 15 Beltrami R, Ceci M, De Pani G. et al. Effect of different surface finishing/polishing procedures on color stability of esthetic restorative materials: a spectrophotometric evaluation. Eur J Dent 2018; 12 (01) 49-56
    Article in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 16 Ceci M, Viola M, Rattalino D, Beltrami R, Colombo M, Poggio C. Discoloration of different esthetic restorative materials: a spectrophotometric evaluation. Eur J Dent 2017; 11 (02) 149-156
    Article in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 17 Ergun G, Nagas IC. Color stability of silicone or acrylic denture liners: an in vitro investigation. Eur J Dent 2007; 1 (03) 144-151
    Article in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 18 Kantola R, Lassila LVJ, Tolvanen M, Valittu PK. Color stability of thermochromic pigment in maxillofacial silicone. J Adv Prosthodont 2013; 5 (02) 75-83
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 19 Eleni PN, Krokida M, Polyzois G, Gettleman L, Bisharat GI. Effects of outdoor weathering on facial prosthetic elastomers. Odontology 2011; 99 (01) 68-76
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 20 Nobrega AS, Andreotti AM, Moreno A, Sinhoreti MA, Dos Santos DM, Goiato MC. Influence of adding nanoparticles on the hardness, tear strength, and permanent deformation of facial silicone subjected to accelerated aging. J Prosthet Dent 2016; 116 (04) 623-629.e1
    Google Scholar
  • 21 Lemon JC, Chambers MS, Jacobsen ML, Powers JM. Color stability of facial prostheses. J Prosthet Dent 1995; 74 (06) 613-618
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 22 Cifter ED, Ozdemir-Karatas M, Baca E. et al. Effect of vulcanization temperature and dental stone colour on colour degradation of maxillofacial silicone elastomers. BMC Oral Health 2017; 17 (01) 72
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 23 Kiat-amnuay S, Johnston DA, Powers JM, Jacob RF. Color stability of dry earth pigmented maxillofacial silicone A-2186 subjected to microwave energy exposure. J Prosthodont 2005; 14 (02) 91-96
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 24 Feldman D. Polymer weathering: photo-oxidation. J Polym Environ 2002; 10 (04) 163-173
    CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • 25 Kheur MG, Kakade D, Trevor CJ, Lakha TA, Sethi T. Effect of newly developed pigments and ultraviolet absorbers on the color change of pigmented silicone elastomer. J Indian Prosthodont Soc 2017; 17 (04) 395-400
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 26 Haug SP, Andres CJ, Munoz CA, Bernal G. Effects of environmental factors on maxillofacial elastomers: part IV–optical properties. J Prosthet Dent 1992; 68 (05) 820-823
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 27 Vengatesan MR, Mittal V. Surface Modification of Nanomaterials for Application in Polymer Nanocomposites: An Overview. In: Mittal V. eds. Surface Modification of Nanoparticle and Natural Fiber Fillers. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons;; 2015: 1-27
    CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • 28 Cao Z, Zhang Z, Wang F, Wang G. Synthesis and UV shielding properties of zinc oxide ultrafine particles modified with silica and trimethyl siloxane. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2009; 340 (01) 161-167
    CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • 29 Kiat-Amnuay S, Mekayarajjananonth T, Powers JM, Chambers MS, Lemon JC. Interactions of pigments and opacifiers on color stability of MDX4-4210/type A maxillofacial elastomers subjected to artificial aging. J Prosthet Dent 2006; 95 (03) 249-257
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 30 Li R, Yabe S, Yamashita M. et al. UV-shielding properties of zinc oxide-doped ceria fine powders derived via soft solution chemical routes. Mater Chem Phys 2002; 75 (01) 39-44
    CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • 31 Han Y, Zhao Y, Xie C, Powers JM, Kiat-amnuay S. Color stability of pigmented maxillofacial silicone elastomer: effects of nano-oxides as opacifiers. J Dent 2010; 38 (Suppl 2) e100-e105
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 32 Nada HE, Ahmad MA, Moustafa NA. Evaluation of intrinsic color stability of facial silicone elastomer reinforced with different nanoparticles. Alex Dent J. 2016; 41 (01) 50-54
    CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • 33 Han Y, Kiat-amnuay S, Powers JM, Zhao Y. Effect of nano-oxide concentration on the mechanical properties of a maxillofacial silicone elastomer. J Prosthet Dent 2008; 100 (06) 465-473
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 34 Craig RG, Koran A, Yu R, Spencer J. Color stability of elastomers for maxillofacial appliances. J Dent Res 1978; 57 (9-10) 866-871
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 35 Goiato MC, Nobrega AS, Freitas da Silva EV. et al. Tear strength analysis of MDX4-4210 and A-2186 silicones with different intrinsic pigments incorporated by mechanical and industrial methods. Int J Dent 2019; 2019: 2573095
    Google Scholar
  • 36 Cifter ED, Ozdemir-Karatas M, Cinarli A, Sancakli E, Balik A, Evlioglu G. In vitro study of effects of aging and processing conditions on colour change in maxillofacial silicone elastomers. BMC Oral Health 2019; 19 (01) 122
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar