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CC BY 4.0 · Eur J Dent 2020; 14(02): 306-314
DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1709955
Original Article

Periodontal Ligament Cell Sheets and RGD-Modified Chitosan Improved Regeneration in the Horizontal Periodontal Defect Model

Lisa R. Amir
1   Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
,
Yuniarti Soeroso
2   Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
,
Dewi Fatma
1   Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
,
Hari Sunarto
2   Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
,
Benso Sulijaya
2   Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
3   Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Biological Science, Faculty of Dentistry, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
,
Erik Idrus
1   Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
,
Herlis Rahdewati
4   Periodontology Residency Program, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
,
Angelia M. Tjokrovonco
4   Periodontology Residency Program, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
,
Kenji Izumi
5   Division of Biomimetics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
,
Basril Abbas
6   Tissue Bank, Indonesia National Atomic Energy (BATAN), Indonesia
,
Fourier D. E. Latief
7   Physics of Complex Systems, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, Indonesia
› Author Affiliations Funding This work was supported by the Universitas Indonesia Research Grant.
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Abstract

Objective The aim of this study was to examine the potential of periodontal ligament (PDL) cells sheet and arginine-glycyl-aspartic acid (RGD)-modified chitosan scaffold for periodontal tissue regeneration in horizontal periodontal defect model.

Materials and Methods PDL cell cytotoxicity was tested with 3–[4,5- dimethylthiazol-2yl]–2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide assay. Cell migration toward the chitosan-based materials was analyzed with trans-well migration assay. Horizontal periodontal defect model was created in four maxillary and mandibular lateral incisors of Macaque nemestrina. Following periodontal therapy, the sites were transplanted with various regenerative materials: (1) chitosan, (2) RGD-modified chitosan, (3) PDL cell sheet with chitosan, (4) PDL cell sheet with RGD-modified chitosan. The periodontal tissue regeneration was evaluated clinically and radiographically. Gingival crevicular fluids were collected each week to evaluate cementum protein-1 (CEMP-1) expression with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, while the biopsies were retrieved after 4 weeks for histological and microcomputed tomography evaluation.

Statistical Analysis Data was statistically analyzed using GraphPad Prism 6 for MacOS X. Normality was tested using the Shapiro–Wilk normality test. The Kruskal–Wallis test was used to compare the groups. Significance was accepted when p < 0.05.

Results Clinical examination revealed more epithelial attachment was formed in the group with PDL cell sheet with RGD-modified chitosan. Similarly, digital subtraction radiography analysis showed higher gray scale, an indication of higher alveolar bone density surrounded the transplanted area, as well as higher CEMP-1 protein expression in this group. The incorporation of RGD peptide to chitosan scaffold in the group with or without PDL cells sheet reduced the distance of cement–enamel junction to the alveolar bone crest; hence, more periodontal tissue formed.

Conclusions Horizontal periodontal defect model could be successfully created in M. nemestrina model. Combination of PDL cell sheet and RGD-modified chitosan resulted in the higher potential for periodontal tissue regeneration. The results of this study highlight the PDL cell sheet and RGD-modified chitosan as a promising approach for future clinical use in periodontal regeneration.

Keywords

periodontal cell sheet - chitosan - arginine-glycyl-aspartic acid - horizontal periodontal defect - periodontal tissue regeneration


Publication History

Article published online:
12 May 2020

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