Acupuntura y la electroacupuntura en el tratamiento del síndrome del túnel carpiano: Revisión sistemática

Resumen

Introducción El síndrome del túnel carpiano (STC) es la neuropatía por compresión más diagnosticada de la extremidad superior. El tratamiento en casos leves y moderados es extenso y controvertido, en casos graves se realiza intervención quirúrgica.

Objetivo Analizar la evidencia científica sobre la efectividad del tratamiento con acupuntura y electroacupuntura del STC.

Métodos Se ha seguido la declaración PRISMA. Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en: Clinical Evidence BMJ, NICE, Cochrane Library, PubMed, PEDro, Science Direct, SciELO, Google Scholar. Con la estrategia de búsqueda “acupuncture,” “electroacupuncture” “carpal tunnel syndrome.” La búsqueda se limitó según criterios de inclusión. El riesgo de sesgo de cada estudio se ha determinado con la escala Cochrane. El nivel de evidencia y el grado de recomendación se ha determinado con la escala SIGN.

Resultados En la búsqueda se encontraron 698 artículos en total. Una vez aplicados los criterios de inclusión y exclusión se incluyeron 21 artículos. El nivel de evidencia del conjunto de los artículos es medio-alto, el grado de recomendación es medio y el riesgo de sesgo neutro tiene tendencia a ser bajo. Los artículos evaluados denotan una mejora sintomática y neurofisiológica tanto periférica como central dado que proporciona una respuesta cerebral asociada a la función del nervio mediano.

Conclusión La acupuntura y la electroacupuntura son una opción terapéutica para el STC leve-moderado que tiene un grado de evidencia científica medio, con tendencia a ser alto y con un grado de recomendación medio.

Palabras Clave

resonancia magnética - nervio mediano - neurografía - plasticidad neuronal - dolor

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