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CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · Indian J Plast Surg 2008; 41(02): 145-150
DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-1699256
Original Article
Association of Plastic Surgeons of India

Extravasational side effects of cytotoxic drugs: A preventable catastrophe

S Thakur Jagdeep
Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 1Pharmacology, I. G. Medical College, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh-171 001, India
,
G S.C Chauhan
Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 1Pharmacology, I. G. Medical College, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh-171 001, India
,
K. Vijay Diwana
Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 1Pharmacology, I. G. Medical College, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh-171 001, India
,
C. Dayal Chauhan
Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 1Pharmacology, I. G. Medical College, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh-171 001, India
,
Thakur Anamika
Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 1Pharmacology, I. G. Medical College, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh-171 001, India
› Author Affiliations
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Publication History

Publication Date:
15 January 2020 (online)

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ABSTRACT

In addition to their therapeutic effects on malignant cells, cytotoxic agents have the potential of causing destruction of healthy, normal cells. Extravasation of the drug can produce extensive necrosis of the skin and subcutaneous tissue. Management of these extravasational effects differs from one centre to another and prevention is usually strongly emphasized. We analyzed our management of 12 patients referred to us over five years with extravasation of cytotoxic drugs and reviewed the literature for different approaches with regard to prophylaxis and management of extravasational effects. Materials and Methods: This study was done in the department of plastic surgery of a medical college. Five years of retrospective data were studied of patients referred to our department with extravasation of cytotoxic drugs. Results: We managed 12 cases referred to our department with extravasation of cytotoxic drugs. Mitomycin C was used in seven cases (58.33%), vincristine in two cases (16.66%), 5-Florouracil in another two cases while doxorubicin was responsible for extravasational side effects in one case (8.33%). The size of necrosis ranged from 3.75 cm 2 to 25 cm 2 with average size of 9.6 cm 2 . In terms of the area involved, the dorsum of the hand was involved in five cases (41.66%), the wrist in another five cases (41.66%), and the cubital fossa in the remaining two cases (16.66%). All cases were treated with daily debridement of necrotic tissue, saline dressing, and split skin grafting. Conclusion: Extravasation of cytotoxic drugs further increases the suffering of cancer patients. This catastrophe can only be avoided by vigilance and immediate application of antidotes. Once the local toxicity of the drugs takes effect, morbidity is unavoidable

KEY WORDS

Cytotoxic - drugs - extravasation - prevention - side effects
 
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