Peripheral Nerve Schwannomas: A Literature Review

Abstract

Introduction Schwannomas are benign tumors originating from the cells, which wrap around axons that are usually encapsulated and solitary. These tumors usually lead to little or no symptomatology. They are usually the most common peripheral nerve tumors in adults, with their highest incidence between the third and fifth decades of life.

Objective To perform a review about schwannoma of the peripheral nerves, presenting its definition, epidemiology, diagnosis, symptomatology and treatment.

Methodology This is a descriptive work, based on a review of articles available in the PubMed database with the descriptors schwannoma and peripheral nerves.

Results and Discussion Only papers published between 1981 and 2019, describing studies in humans, and that were available as full articles were selected. A total of 391 articles were included; after reading the titles, we noted that 67 articles fit the topic of the present study. Among the articles selected for reading, 33 fit the objectives of the present work, and were considered for the writing of the present article.

Conclusion Schwannomas are benign myelin sheath tumors that develop with local symptomatology or asymptomatic and present a good surgical prognosis with generally reduced rates of surgical complications.

Resumo

Introdução Os Schwannomas são tumores benignos originados das células de Schwann que envolvem os axônios de nervos periféricos. Esses tumores são encapsulados e solitários que geralmente levam a pouca ou nenhuma sintomatologia. Eles são os tumores de nervos periféricos mais comumente encontrados em adultos, com maior incidência entre a terceira e quinta décadas de vida.

Objetivo Realizar uma revisão sobre o schwannoma de nervo periférico, apresentando sua definição, epidemiologia, diagnóstico, sintomatologia e tratamento.

Metodologia Este é um trabalho descritivo, baseado na revisão de artigos disponíveis na Base de dados PubMed, a partir dos descritores: schwannoma e nervos periféricos.

Resultados e Discussão Somente os artigos publicados entre os anos de 1981 e 2019, estudos envolvendo humanos e que estavam disponíveis como artigos completos, foram selecionados para a revisão. Um total de 391 artigos foram incluídos, após ler os títulos apenas 67 artigos se enquadraram no tópico do presente estudo. Entre os artigos selecionados para leitura, 33 se enquadram nos objetivos do presente trabalho e por isso foram considerados para a redação do presente artigo.

Conclusão Os Schwannomas são tumores benignos da bainha de mielina que se desenvolvem com sintomatologia local ou ausência de sintomas e que apresentam bom prognóstico cirúrgico, com taxas usualmente reduzidas de complicações cirúrgicas.

Keywords

schwannomas - peripheral nerves - neuroanatomy - neurosurgery

Palavras-chave

Schwannomas - nervos periféricos - neuroanatomia - neurocirurgia

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